The Impact of Declining Smoking on Radon-Related Lung Cancer in the United States

Méndez, David; Alshanqeety, Omar; Warner, Kenneth E.; Lantz, Paula M.; Courant, Paul N.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.189225

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The number of prevented radon-caused lung cancer cases may be about 15 % lower than that the calculations indicate. Due to the interaction effect between smoking and radon exposure, the impact of declining smoking is larger than remediation of high-radon houses on the radon-related lung cancer cases [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer risk from radon exposure in dwellings in Sweden: how many cases can be prevented if radon levels are lowered?

Axelsson

Andersson

Barregård

2015

Cancer Causes Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeResidential exposure to radon is considered to be the second cause of lung cancer after smoking. The purpose of this study was to estimate the number of lung cancer cases prevented from reducing radon exposure in Swedish dwellings.MethodsMeasurements of indoor radon are available from national studies in 1990 and 2008 with 8992 and 1819 dwellings, considered representative of all Swedish dwellings. These data were used to estimate the distribution of radon in Swedish dwellings. Lung cancer risk was assumed to increase by 16 % per 100 becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m3) indoor air radon. Estimates of future and saved cases of lung cancer were performed at both constant and changed lung cancer incidence rates over time.ResultsThe arithmetic mean concentration of radon was 113 Bq/m3 in 1990 and 90 Bq/m3 in 2008. Approximately 8 % of the population lived in houses with >200 Bq/m3. The estimated current number of lung cancer cases attributable to previous indoor radon exposure was 591 per year, and the number of future cases attributable to current exposure was 473. If radon levels above 100 Bq/m3 are lowered to 100 Bq/m3, 183 cases will be prevented. If levels >200 Bq/m3 are lowered to 140 Bq/m3 (mean in the present stratum 100–200 Bq/m3), 131 cases per year will be prevented. ConclusionsAlthough estimates are somewhat uncertain, 35–40 % of the radon attributed lung cancer cases can be prevented if radon levels >100 Bq/m3 are lowered to 100 Bq/m3.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer risk from radon exposure in dwellings in Sweden: how many cases can be prevented if radon levels are lowered?

Axelsson

Andersson

Barregård

2015

Cancer Causes Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Radon gas—a geogenic carcinogen produced by the radioactive decay of naturally occurring uranium in rocks and sediments—is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States (Al‐Zoughool & Krewski, 2009). Exposure to both radon and tobacco smoke increases the probability of lung cancer: The lifetime risk of radon‐induced lung cancer when exposed to 148 Bq/m 3 of indoor radon is 62 per 1,000 ever smokers compared to 7 per 1,000 never smokers (Mendez et al, 2011; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009). Among never smokers, exposure to radon may be more harmful for those exposed to secondhand smoke (Lagarde et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Geologically Based Indoor‐Radon Potential Map of Kentucky

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We combined 71,930 short‐term (median duration 4 days) home radon test results with 1:24,000‐scale bedrock geologic map coverage of Kentucky to produce a statewide geologically based indoor‐radon potential map. The test results were positively skewed with a mean of 266 Bq/m 3 , median of 122 Bq/m 3 , and 75th percentile of 289 Bq/m 3 . We identified 106 formations with ≥10 test results. Analysis of results from 20 predominantly monolithologic formations showed indoor‐radon concentrations to be positively skewed on a formation‐by‐formation basis, with a proportional relationship between sample means and standard deviations. Limestone (median 170 Bq/m 3 ) and dolostone (median 130 Bq/m 3 ) tended to have higher indoor‐radon concentrations than siltstones and sandstones (median 67 Bq/m 3 ) or unlithified surficial deposits (median 63 Bq/m 3 ). Individual shales had median values ranging from 67 to 189 Bq/m 3 ; the median value for all shale values was 85 Bq/m 3 . Percentages of values falling above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) action level of 148 Bq/m 3 were sandstone and siltstone: 24%, unlithified clastic: 21%, dolostone: 46%, limestone: 55%, and shale: 34%. Mississippian limestones, Ordovician limestones, and Devonian black shales had the highest indoor‐radon potential values in Kentucky. Indoor‐radon test mean values for the selected formations were also weakly, but statistically significantly, correlated with mean aeroradiometric uranium concentrations. To produce a map useful to nonspecialists, we classified each of the 106 formations into five radon‐geologic classes on the basis of their 75th percentile radon concentrations. The statewide map is freely available through an interactive internet map service.

show abstract

“…Smoking is the most important risk factor in the development of most pulmonary carcinomas [ 12 , 13 ]. However, even in a smokeless society, it is predicted that lung cancer due to prior exposure to carcinogens will continue to be a major health problem for the future [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ephrin (Eph) receptor A1, A4, A5 and A7 expression in human non-small cell lung carcinoma: associations with clinicopathological parameters, tumor proliferative capacity and patients’ survival

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundEphrin (Eph) receptors are frequently overexpressed in a wide variety of human malignant tumors, being associated with tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of EphA1, A4, A5 and A7 protein expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).MethodsEphA1, A4, A5 and A7 protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically in tissue microarrays of 88 surgically resected NSCLC and was analyzed in relation with clinicopathological characteristics and patients’ survival.ResultsElevated EphA4 expression was significantly associated with low histopathological stage and presence of inflammation (p = 0.047 and p = 0.026, respectively). Elevated EphA7 expression was significantly associated with older patients’ age, presence of fibrosis and smaller tumor size (p = 0.036, p = 0.029 and p = 0.018, respectively). EphA1, A5 and A7 expression were positively associated with tumor proliferative capacity (p = 0.047, p = 0.002 and p = 0.046, respectively). Elevated EphA4, A5 and A7 expression were identified as predictors of favourable patients’ survival at both univariate (Log-rank test, 0 = 0.019, p = 0.006 and p = 0.012, respectively) and multivariate levels (Cox-regression analysis, p = 0.029, p = 0.068 and p = 0.044, respectively).ConclusionsThe present study supported evidence that Ephs may be involved in lung cancer progression, reinforcing their utility as clinical biomarkers for patients’ management and prognosis, as also as potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.

show abstract

The Impact of Declining Smoking on Radon-Related Lung Cancer in the United States

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Lung cancer risk from radon exposure in dwellings in Sweden: how many cases can be prevented if radon levels are lowered?

Lung cancer risk from radon exposure in dwellings in Sweden: how many cases can be prevented if radon levels are lowered?

A Geologically Based Indoor‐Radon Potential Map of Kentucky

Ephrin (Eph) receptor A1, A4, A5 and A7 expression in human non-small cell lung carcinoma: associations with clinicopathological parameters, tumor proliferative capacity and patients’ survival

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About