The Impact of Crossgroup Friendships in South Africa: Affective Mediators and Multigroup Comparisons

Swart, Hermann; Hewstone, Miles; Christ, Oliver; Voci, Alberto

doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2010.01647.x

Cited by 52 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…Perspective taking denotes the ability to see the world from the eyes of another, and metaphorically to put yourself in the shoes of another. It has been shown, for example, that perspective taking can improve attitudes towards others such as racial or ethnic outgroups (Swart et al, 2010). However, virtual embodiment provides a technological method for actually realising perspective taking -when embodied in a virtual body it is literally the case that you see through the eyes of a (virtual) other, so it is not especially surprising that virtual embodiment can lead to a change in empathy, since it well realises perspective taking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A threat to a virtual hand elicits motor cortex activation

et al. 2013

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We report an ex periment where participants observed an attack on their virtual body as ex perienced in an immersive virtual reality (IVR) system. Participants sat by a table with their right hand resting upon it. In IVR they saw a virtual table that was registered with the real one, and they had a virtual body that substituted their real body seen from a first person perspective. The virtual right hand was collocated with their real right hand. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded in two conditions, one where the participant's virtual hand was attacked with a knife and a control condition where the knife only struck the virtual table. Significantly greater P450 potentials were obtained in the attack condition confirming our ex pectations that participants had a strong illusion of the virtual hand being their own, which was also strongly supported by questionnaire responses. Higher levels of subjective virtual hand ownership correlate with larger P450 amplitudes. Mu-rhythm Event Related Desynchronization (ERD) in the motor cortex , and Readiness Potential (C3-C4) negativity were clearly observed when the virtual hand was threatened -as would be ex pected if the real hand was threatened and the participant tried to avoid harm. Our results support the idea that eventrelated potentials (ERPs) may provide a promising non-subjective measure of virtual embodiment. They also support previous ex periments on pain observation and are placed into contex t of similar ex periments and studies of body-perception and body-ownership within cognitive neuroscience.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A threat to a virtual hand elicits motor cortex activation

et al. 2013

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“…Reducing complexity plays a role in dehumanizing the Other in processes that precede violence (Cameron, 2011b;Halpern & Weinstein, 2004). Conversely, it has long been known that inter-group contact can lead to reduction in prejudice (Allport, 1979), and more recently that contact contributes to allowing the Other multiple identities (Brown & Hewstone, 2005) and to increased perception of outgroup variability (Swart, Hewstone, Christ, & Voci, 2010). Increasing the complexity of the Other is a kind of 'particularization', contrasted by Billig with categorization (Billig, 1985(Billig, , 1996.…”

Section: Terrorism Increased Uncertainty and Social Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The dialogic construction of self and other in response to terrorism.

Cameron¹,

Maslen²,

Todd³

2013

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology

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and on a bus. It was not just the violence and death that shocked people in UK, but the fact that the young men, the first suicide bombers in UK, were British, three of them born and brought up in a long-established Muslim community. After this event (which became known as 7/7), government and community leaders worked hard to prevent a violent backlash in Muslim communities in UK, and were, by and large, successful. However, the event caused much social and personal disruption, shifting notions of both Self and Other.The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of that disruption on people's personal and social landscapes through an applied linguistic study of talk in focus groups. If, as a society, we can better understand how people and groups respond to an ongoing threat of terrorist attack, we should be better able to offer support towards resilience and protection against fragility.The study forms part of a larger project investigating the dynamics of empathy in dialogue in times of uncertainty. 1 Empathy concerns how one person (the Self) emotionally and cognitively responds to another, how they understand how it is to be 'the Other'. 2 In this study, where focus groups discuss the risk of terrorism and its effects on their everyday lives, we attend to one particular aspect of empathy in dialogue: how the Other is dialogically constructed in relation to the Self. By tracing patterns of stabilization and variability in dialogic construction of Self and Other, post 7/7 and 9/11, the study aims to understand the impact of increased uncertainty on people's emotions, and on the voices and positions that people construct for themselves and for others.The study is innovative in applying a complex dynamic systems view of society, culture, cognition and discourse which allows researchers to attend to interdependencies of affective, cognitive and social factors in people's lives. This approach highlights the fluidity of constructions CONSTRUCTION OF SELF AND OTHER AFTER TERRORISM 1 of Self and Other as voiced in people's accounts, and how people move in and out of multiple social identities.

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“…In accordance with the extended contact hypothesis, even having a friend maintaining inter-group relationships improves someone's attitudes towards that given group (Brown and Hewstone, 2005;Pettigrew et al, 2007;Stark, 2011;Swart et al, 2010;Turner et al, 2007). In this case, friends serve as positive exemplars of their groups, which helps the inclusion of their group memberships in the own psychological self (Wright et al, 1997).…”

Section: The Effect Of Direct and Indirect Contactmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…There is a growing consensus that true racial integration requires more than merely putting people of different categories into proximity (Moody, 2001;Pettigrew and Tropp, 2008;Stark, 2011;Swart et al, 2010;Turner et al, 2007): true integration occurs not just when people are in similar settings, but when they interact as equals. For adolescents, this involves forming and maintaining social relations and social scientists, school administrators and the general public are interested in understanding the features that shape friendship formation across race, since research shows repeatedly that substantive social contact reduces prejudice, increases social cohesion and fosters positive social acceptance of difference and diversity (Allport, 1954;Pettigrew and Tropp, 2008;Tropp and Pettigrew, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relational Integration as The Analysis of Friendship, Negative Ties and Ethnic Identity Among Adolescents

Néray¹

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The Impact of Crossgroup Friendships in South Africa: Affective Mediators and Multigroup Comparisons

Cited by 52 publications

References 50 publications

A threat to a virtual hand elicits motor cortex activation

A threat to a virtual hand elicits motor cortex activation

The dialogic construction of self and other in response to terrorism.

Relational Integration as The Analysis of Friendship, Negative Ties and Ethnic Identity Among Adolescents

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