The Impact of COVID-19 on the Cardiovascular System

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces coronavirus-19 disease , has affected many people in Brazil and worldwide. This disease predominantly affects the organs of the respiratory system, but it also damages the brain, liver, kidneys and especially the heart. In the heart, scientific evidence shows that this virus can damage the coronary arteries, generating microvascular dysfunction, favoring acute myocardial infarction. Furthermore, with the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, it can lead to myocarditis and cardiac fibrosis, inducing changes in the electrical conduction system of the heart, generating cardiac arrhythmias.All these factors mentioned are protagonists in promoting the increase in the mortality outcome. This outcome may be even higher if the individuals are elderly, or if they have other diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension, because they may already have cardiomyopathy. In this context, this review focused on the impact that COVID-19 can have on the heart and cardiovascular system and the association of this impact with aging, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiac arrhythmias and arterial hypertension

Impact of Stressors on The Mental and Physical Health of Professionals Working in Intensive Care Units During The COVID-19 Pandemic

“…COVID-19 is a disease that triggers a cytokine storm, leading to inflammation, fibrosis, and cell death [13,14]. These factors directly affect the morphology and functionality of various organs in the human body, including the brain, heart, and others [15][16][17][18]. In this context, ICU workers live in constant fear and insecurity, resulting in elevated levels of emotional stress, anxiety, and depression [19].…”

Exploring the Key Targets and Compounds That Manipulate Brain Neurocircuits Against Mental Disorders and Psychiatric

“…Another recent study by Wang et al analyzed 6,245,282 older adults (over 65 years old), and the authors showed that older people infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were at significantly higher risk for a new diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease . Post-COVID neurological consequences are tightly linked to other systems, including changes in the cardiovascular and immune systems, as well as higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (Campos et al, 2019;Salari et al, 2020;Zubair et al, 2020;Improta-Caria et al, 2021;Júnior et al, 2021;Sousa et al, 2021). The enigmatic nature of the post-COVID syndrome's underlying mechanism necessitates intense investigation in order to achieve effective management strategy.…”

Attenuation of ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID syndrome

“…Another recent study by Wang et al analyzed 6,245,282 older adults (over 65 years old), and the authors showed that older people infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were at significantly higher risk for a new diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease ( Wang et al, 2022 ). Post-COVID neurological consequences are tightly linked to other systems, including changes in the cardiovascular and immune systems, as well as higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression ( Campos et al, 2019 ; Salari et al, 2020 ; Zubair et al, 2020 ; Improta-Caria et al, 2021 ; Júnior et al, 2021 ; Sousa et al, 2021 ). The enigmatic nature of the post-COVID syndrome’s underlying mechanism necessitates intense investigation in order to achieve effective management strategy.…”