The Impact of COVID-19 on Nursing Homes in Italy: The Case of Lombardy

Arlotti, Marco; Ranci, Costanzo

doi:10.1080/08959420.2021.1924344

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Some reasons may, at least partially, explain the differences in clinical and demographic characteristics exhibited by patients with and without COVID-19 in our study. First, during the worst days of the pandemic, persons living in nursing homes in Italy had a lower probability to receive a SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and to be hospitalized if affected by COVID-19 [ 7 , 8 ], in comparison with those living in the community. For example, in a survey issued by the Italian Ministry of Health, out of 667 deaths among nursing home residents in Brescia between February and March 2020, only 33 (5%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, but respiratory symptoms were reported in 418 (63%) of them [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 as an effect modifier of the relationship between age and in-hospital survival in older patients admitted to an Italian Emergency Department

et al. 2022

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Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic modified how persons got into contact with emergency services, particularly during the first wave. Aim The aim is to describe the characteristics of older persons with and without COVID-19 visiting the Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital and to investigate the impact of age on in-hospital survival in the two groups. Methods Patients older than 70 years were followed-up till discharge or in-hospital death. Cox regression models stratified by COVID-19 diagnosis were used to investigate survival. Results Out of 896 patients, 36.7% had COVID-19. Those without COVID-19 were older and affected by a higher number of chronic conditions but exhibited lower mortality (10.5 vs 48.1%). After the adjustment, age was associated with mortality only among those with COVID-19. Discussion COVID-19 modified the relationship between older age and in-hospital survival: whether this finding is explained by other biological vulnerabilities or by a selection of treatments based on age should be further investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 as an effect modifier of the relationship between age and in-hospital survival in older patients admitted to an Italian Emergency Department

et al. 2022

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“…Technological studies considering the design of healthcare-related spaces, such as nursing homes, accommodation, and hospitals, have been performed [48,57,[64][65][66][67]71,72,94]. The design of these spaces was related to the routes recommended for patients and staff to avoid crowded areas, with the primary aim of reducing the spread of disease.…”

Section: Healthcare Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outdoor spaces included subtopics: smart cities, urbanism, and green infrastructure [35,50,51,70,72,79,84,85,97,111,117,125,135,136]. Studies relating to smart cities and the impact of COVID-19 blended with healthcare subtopic as it included designs of smart hospitals and responses by emergency vehicles.…”

Section: Architecture Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need for Smart Architecture Caused by the Impact of COVID-19 upon Architecture and City: A Systematic Literature Review

Park

Lee

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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The recent pandemic era of COVID-19 has shown social adjustment on a global scale in an attempt to reduce contamination. In response, academic studies relating to smart technologies have increased to assist with governmental restrictions such as social distancing. Despite the restrictions, architectural, engineering and construction industries have shown an increase in budget and activity. An investigation of the adjustments made in response to the pandemic through utilizing new technologies, such as the internet of things (IoT) and smart technologies, is necessary to understand the research trends of the new normal. This study should address various sectors, including business, healthcare, architecture, education, tourism and transportation. In this study, a literature review was performed on two web-based, peer-reviewed journal databases, SCOPUS and Web of Science, to identify a trend in research for the pandemic era in various sectors. The results from 123 papers revealed a focused word group of IoT, smart technologies, architecture, building, space and COVID-19. Overlapping knowledges of IoT systems, within the design of a building which was designed for a specific purpose, were discovered. The findings justify the need for a new sub-category within the field of architecture called “smart architecture”. This aims to categorize the knowledge which is required to embed IoT systems in three key architectural topics—planning, design, and construction—for building design with specific purposes, tailored to various sectors.

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“…Previous studies have related these long-standing problems to many different factors like: fiscal consolidation policies, the fragmentation of responsibilities, the lack of agreement on cost sharing among different layers of government [ 28 ], the insufficient relevance of LTC reform for politicians, the myopic protection of the traditional welfare expenditure lines (health and pensions) by the elderly unions at the expense of LTC [ 24 , 29 ], rising costs, the increase in the number of inpatients with intensive health care needs not accompanied by an adequate increase in medical and nursing staff [ 30 ].…”

Section: Institutional Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growing presence of private companies 23 in the sector could also play a role in the efficiency results because private institutions can reduce personnel costs by adopting less expensive employment contracts than those applied in public structures [ 30 ]. The LTCF business has become increasingly attractive for private investors because it is credited with an average rate of return of 6–7% 24 and low risk, given that the Regional Health Service guarantees from 50 to 100% of the fees depending on the level of care and the presence of cognitive problems.…”

Section: Descriptive Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The residential healthcare for the elderly in Italy: some considerations for post-COVID-19 policies

Cepparulo

Giuriato

2021

Eur J Health Econ

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In Italy, the COVID-19 pandemic and the death of many elderly people have put in evidence the uneven territorial distribution of nursing homes, which have amplified the spread and severity of the pandemic. By applying a pooled OLS model to the Italian regions, over the 2010–18 period, we investigate the demand factors, market forces and institutional drivers of the spatial distribution of residential healthcare for the elderly. Using a fine-grained approach that considers specific regional and age-related elements and the market environment, which can reduce or increase the pressure on regional governments to provide formal assistance, we find that the financial resources and the availability of unemployed women as potential caregivers explain the distribution of expenditure better than the health needs of the elderly. As a result, the expenditure is concentrated in richer and more financially autonomous regions and it is not congruent with the distribution of chronicity, health and frailty factors or income among the elderly. These critical issues of the care services for frail elderly people, related to a highly decentralized governance and resulting in fragmented, market-driven provision, could be attacked only by a national reform.

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Nursing Homes in Italy: The Case of Lombardy

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

COVID-19 as an effect modifier of the relationship between age and in-hospital survival in older patients admitted to an Italian Emergency Department

COVID-19 as an effect modifier of the relationship between age and in-hospital survival in older patients admitted to an Italian Emergency Department

The Need for Smart Architecture Caused by the Impact of COVID-19 upon Architecture and City: A Systematic Literature Review

The residential healthcare for the elderly in Italy: some considerations for post-COVID-19 policies

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