“…This study contributes to the literature in two important ways. First, the evidence on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the Islamic banking system is scantier ( Demirgüç-Kunt et al, 2021 ; Elnahass et al, 2021 ; Miah, Suzuki, & Uddin, 2021 ; Rehman, Almonifi, & Gulzar, 2021 ). Those studies, however, looked at the Islamic banking sector via a micro-perspective using data from individual banks.…”