The impact of COVID-19 in children with Sickle Cell Disease: Results of a multicentric registry

Abstract

Objective To analyze the outcomes of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and COVID-19. Method A multicenter prospective study was conducted in five hematological centers from Central and Southeast Brazil, starting in April 2020. The variables recorded include clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, therapeutic measures, and treatment sites. The clinical repercussions of the infection on the initial treatment and the overall prognosis were also evaluated. Results Twenty-five unvaccinated children, aged 4 to 17 years, with SCD and a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result participated in this study. Patients were classified as SCD types SS (n = 20, 80%) and SC (n = 5, 20%). Clinical characteristics and evolution were similar in both groups (p>0.05), except for the fetal hemoglobin value which was higher among the SC patients (p = 0.025). The most frequent symptoms were hyperthermia (72%) and cough (40%). Three children were admitted to the intensive care unit, all of whom were overweight/obese (p = 0.078). No deaths were observed. Conclusions Although SCD leads to specific complications, the results found in this sample suggest that COVID-19 does not seem to carry an increased mortality risk in pediatric patients with this disease.