The Impact of CO2 Gas Emissions on Government Expenditure of Health Sector in Indonesia

Sasana, Hadi; Kusuma, Panji Praba; Setyaningsih, Yuliani

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/201912504004

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Emissions, which is caused by CO2 and not only contributing to the global warming, can also exacerbate the environment especially affecting to our health. This is in agreement with the research (Sasana, Kusuma, and Setyaningsih., 2019) that the emission of CO2 gases is very harmful to the human body. The higher the effect of CO2 emissions on air quality then the worse.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Analysis of the Causality of Co2 Emissions, Consumption of Fossil Fuels, Electricity Consumption, and Economic Growth in Indonesia in 1990-2019

Kurnia

Sasana

Septiani

2019

AEFR

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Increasing economic growth will spark against increased energy consumption. But on the other hand, increasing economic growth will also trigger the occurrence of natural damage and degradation of environmental quality derived from CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions are caused by oxidation process of fossil fuel energy. This research aims to know the causality relationship between CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption, and economic growth in Indonesia, as well as long-term relationship between CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption, to economic growth in Indonesia in 1990 – 2019. The used data is the secondary data that is in the form of data time series. The dependent variables of this study are economic growth, while independent variables are CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption. The method that is used in this study is Vector Error Correction Model. The results showed that there was a one-way causality between economic growth and fossil fuel consumption, and between electricity consumption and CO2 emissions. The research also shows that on long-term CO2 emissions has a negative influence, while the consumption of fossil fuels and electricity has a positive effect on Indonesia's economic growth in 1990-2019.Keywords: CO2, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Analysis of the Causality of Co2 Emissions, Consumption of Fossil Fuels, Electricity Consumption, and Economic Growth in Indonesia in 1990-2019

Kurnia

Sasana

Septiani

2019

AEFR

Self Cite

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“…AMG, augmented mean group; CEMG, Correlated Effect Mean Group; CMG, common correlated effects mean group; EG, economic growth; EP, environmental pollution; PBHE, public health expenditures; PRHE, private health expenditure; THE, total health expenditure. consistent with the study of Toor and Butt's82 in Pakistan; Sasana et al56 on Indonesia and Usman et al3 on emerging economies.In model-3, the outcome explains that GDP has the potential to spur private expenditures on health both at country level and aggregate level. This result explains that expansion in EG mean people have more per-capita income.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

“…Thus, spending on health is a necessity not a luxury, so that government of Asian countries need to try hard to make it necessity and available to everyone regardless of age, gender, location, religion or economic status of individuals. Environmental pollution is detrimental for health and increase the per capita public expenditures on health in Asian countries and 56 on Indonesia. Moreover, environmental pollution is the major cause of increase in burden on general public to spend more on health and corroborates the findings of Hlafa et al 84 on South Africa;…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent literature on pollution-health nexus include the work of Sasana et al 56 ; Moosa and Pham 16 ; Blazquez-Fernandez et al 57 ; Apergis et al 4 ; Sasana et al 56 concluded that environmental pollution along with demographic factors increased the financing of government on health in Indonesia. Moosa and Pham 16 reported that when the connection between income and environment is explained by environmental Kuznets curve, then the connection between health expenditures and deterioration in environmental quality are positive for low-income economies but negative for high income economies.…”

Section: Environmental Pollution and Health Expendituresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent literature on pollution‐health nexus include the work of Sasana et al 56 16 ; Blazquez‐Fernandez et al 57 …”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between health expenditures, economic growth and environmental pollution: Long‐run and causality analysis from Asian economies

Nasreen

2021

Health Planning & Management

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This study examines the association between health expenditures, economic growth (EG) and environmental pollution in Asia both at panel and country level. The separate impact of EG and environmental pollution on public and private health expenditures (PRHEs) are also examined. In doing so the panel cointegration tests with the level break, common correlated effects mean group and heterogeneous panel causality test are employed. The study covers 20 Asian economies and time-period from 1995 to 2017. The results provide evidence in support of a long run association between selected variables. The results explain that EG and environmental pollution are positively associated with total health expenditures as well as with public and PRHEs in all countries. However, the magnitude of environmental pollution coefficient is greater from EG coefficient, thus indicate that environmental pollution is the key determinant in increasing national health expenditures. Causality results demonstrate the existence of two-way causality between health expenditures and EG and unidirectional causality flowing from environmental pollution to health expenditures in Asian economies. Findings of this study have provided some important suggestions to policy makers which can be used to minimize the risk of environmental pollution on health in Asian economies.

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Does tourism increase CO₂ emissions and health spending in Mexico? New evidence from nonlinear ARDL approach

Yang

Ullah

Rehman

et al. 2021

Health Planning & Management

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This study investigates the nexus between tourism, CO 2 emissions and health spending in Mexico. We applied a nonlinear ARDL approach for the empirical analysis for the time period 1996-2018. Mexico receives a large number of tourists each year, tourism improves foreign exchange earnings and contributes positively to the economic growth. However, tourist activities impose a serious environmental cost in terms of CO 2 emissions which increase health spending. The empirical findings suggest that tourism leads to CO 2 emissions which resultantly causes a high level of health spending in Mexico. Both short-run and long-run findings reported a significant positive association between tourism, CO 2 emissions, and health expenditures. Therefore, the government needs legislation to reduce CO 2 emissions, besides the use of renewable energy could also help to reduce the CO 2 emissions and health expenditures in society. This study does not support to reduce the health expenditure, rather it suggests optimal utilization of the funds allocated to the health sector.

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The Impact of CO2 Gas Emissions on Government Expenditure of Health Sector in Indonesia

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Analysis of the Causality of Co2 Emissions, Consumption of Fossil Fuels, Electricity Consumption, and Economic Growth in Indonesia in 1990-2019

Analysis of the Causality of Co2 Emissions, Consumption of Fossil Fuels, Electricity Consumption, and Economic Growth in Indonesia in 1990-2019

Association between health expenditures, economic growth and environmental pollution: Long‐run and causality analysis from Asian economies

Does tourism increase CO₂ emissions and health spending in Mexico? New evidence from nonlinear ARDL approach

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The Impact of CO2 Gas Emissions on Government Expenditure of Health Sector in Indonesia

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Analysis of the Causality of Co2 Emissions, Consumption of Fossil Fuels, Electricity Consumption, and Economic Growth in Indonesia in 1990-2019

Analysis of the Causality of Co2 Emissions, Consumption of Fossil Fuels, Electricity Consumption, and Economic Growth in Indonesia in 1990-2019

Association between health expenditures, economic growth and environmental pollution: Long‐run and causality analysis from Asian economies

Does tourism increase CO2 emissions and health spending in Mexico? New evidence from nonlinear ARDL approach

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Product

Resources

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Does tourism increase CO₂ emissions and health spending in Mexico? New evidence from nonlinear ARDL approach