The impact of climate change on archaeological resources in Britain: a catchment scale assessment

Howard, Andy J.; Challis, Keith; Holden, Joseph; Kincey, Mark; Passmore, David G.

doi:10.1007/s10584-008-9426-9

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…With the frequency and intensity of such storm events predicted to increase in relation to a changing climate, it is likely that corresponding damage to upland archaeology will also intensify; presenting significant long-term challenges to the heritage community (Howard et al, 2008;Howard, 2013). Such high intensity storms are not the only source of intraannual variation in erosion rates, however, with the TLS results also recording intervening topographic changes.…”

Section: Short-term Temporal Variation In Rates Of Surface Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying erosion of ‘at risk’ archaeological sites using repeat terrestrial laser scanning

Kincey

Gerrard

Warburton

2017

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractEffective heritage management is reliant on an understanding of the range of current and potential future threats facing archaeological sites. Despite this, the processes leading to the loss of in situ archaeological remains are still poorly understood, including the rates, timing and drivers of surface erosion. This issue is particularly significant for abandoned historical metal mines in upland landscapes, where erosion rates are typically higher due to a combination of the unstable character of the archaeological deposits and the increased effectiveness of surface erosion processes. This study utilises repeat terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to monitor the changing condition of two adjacent lead mines in the North Pennines, UK, over an 18 month period. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the TLS data, in conjunction with land cover characteristics derived from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey, allows the detailed quantification of the causes and impacts of surface change.The results demonstrate that stream bank erosion is the process responsible for the most widespread and archaeologically significant damage, although localised gullying of mine waste heaps resulted in the largest volumetric loss of material (>160 m 3 ). Temporal variation in the erosion of upland archaeological sites is highly episodic, being dominated (>70%) by high magnitude but low frequency storm events. These results provide invaluable information regarding the causes and impacts of erosion of upland archaeological remains, as well as establishing a proven methodology which can now be applied to archaeological sites in other landscape contexts.

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Section: Short-term Temporal Variation In Rates Of Surface Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying erosion of ‘at risk’ archaeological sites using repeat terrestrial laser scanning

Kincey

Gerrard

Warburton

2017

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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“…These provide a unique record of the changing climate, sea level and landscape during the Holocene, such as during the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age (Howard et al 2008). The peat deposits are up to 8.5 m thick and believed to contain the longest Holocene peat record of any lowland location in the UK.…”

Section: Cultural Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-off in ecosystem services of the Somerset Levels and Moors wetlands

Acreman

Harding

Lloyd

et al. 2011

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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It is widely recognized that healthy ecosystems can provide considerable benefits to people, including food, timber, freshwater, protection from floods and much of what we call quality of life. A global review of these ecosystem services carried out as part of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) provided a framework for national and local studies. Using the MEA approach, this paper reviews the ecosystem services provided by the Somerset Levels and Moors wetland system in southwest England. This wetland provides a series of important services that are beneficial locally, regionally and globally, including grazing for cattle, carbon sequestration, flood water storage, recreation and archaeology. Some services are synergistic and reinforcing; for example, maintaining wet conditions supports wetland bird life that maintains biological diversity, attracts tourists, protects archaeological artefacts and reduces CO 2 emissions; raising water levels to or above the ground leads to net greenhouse gas uptake by the wetland. Other services are potentially conflicting, for example raising water levels may reduce potential flood water storage and increase methane emissions. Comparison of the services of the wetland with those of drier habitats reveals for example that carbon sequestration, bird habitat provision and hay production is greater in wetlands, whilst grazing quality may decline and plant diversity may be reduced in the short term and distributions of disease vectors may be altered by wetland restoration through raising water levels. Management decisions affecting wetlands may necessitate a trade-off of ecosystem services.Key words ecosystem services; wetlands; Somerset Levels and Moors; ecosystem function; floods; water resources; carbon sequestration; tourism; archaeology Compromis entre les services écosystémiques des zones humides "Somerset Levels and Moors"Résumé Il est largement reconnu que des écosystèmes sains peuvent fournir des avantages considérables aux personnes, comprenant de la nourriture, du bois, de l'eau douce, la protection contre les inondations et une grande partie de ce que nous appelons la qualité de vie. Un examen global de ces services écosystémiques, réalisées dans le cadre du Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), a fourni un cadre pour des études nationales et locales. En utilisant l'approche MEA, le présent article passe en revue les services écosystémiques fournis par les zones humides "Somerset Levels and Moors" situées dans le sud de l'Angleterre. Ces zones humides fournissent une série de services importants qui sont bénéfiques au niveau local, régional et mondial, comprenant le pâturage pour le bétail, la séquestration du carbone, le stockage des eaux de crue, les loisirs et l'archéologie. Certains services sont en synergie et, par exemple, le maintien des conditions humides favorise la vie des oiseaux des milieux humides et maintient la diversité biologique, attire les touristes, protège des objets archéologiques et réduit les émissions de CO 2 ; élever les niveaux ...

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“…Human adaptation responses may be equally as damaging to the landscape as climate change itself Howard et al, 2008;Egloff, 2006). Those responses include flood risk management e.g.…”

Section: Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would seem to be unavoidable given the futuristic nature of the issue and the invisibility of the resource in question. One attempt at a more quantitative approach was taken by researchers developing a computer model to simulate the impact of future climate change on the archaeological resource of two river catchments (Trent and Ouse) Howard et al, 2008). The models' conclusions are in line with those above, whether this validates the theory is debatable however, given that the computer model is also reliant on the same limited knowledge base.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and the Conservation of Archaeological Sites: A Review of Impacts Theory

Daly¹

2011

Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites

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The impact of climate change on archaeological resources in Britain: a catchment scale assessment

Cited by 33 publications

References 82 publications

Quantifying erosion of ‘at risk’ archaeological sites using repeat terrestrial laser scanning

Quantifying erosion of ‘at risk’ archaeological sites using repeat terrestrial laser scanning

Trade-off in ecosystem services of the Somerset Levels and Moors wetlands

Climate Change and the Conservation of Archaeological Sites: A Review of Impacts Theory

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