The impact of climate and traffic‐related NO<sub>2</sub> on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy

Marco, Roberto de; Poli, Albino; Ferrari, Marcello; Accordini, Simone; Giammanco, G; Bugiani, Massimiliano; Villani, Simona; Ponzio, Michela; Bono, Roberto; Carrozzi, Laura; Cavallini, R; Cazzoletti, Lucia; Dallari, Rossano; Ginesu, Francesco; Lauriola, Paolo; Mandrioli, Paolo; Perfetti, L.; Pignato, Sarina; Pirina, Pietro; Struzzo, Pierluigi

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01466.x

Cited by 109 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Sensitization to pollen was found to be increased in relation to truck but not car traffic (646). Some studies found that exposure to outdoor air pollutants may increase the risk of allergic rhinitis (647)(648)(649)(650), whereas others did not find any relationship (651). Outdoor pollutants were also associated with an increase in rhinitis of undefined origin (652)(653)(654)(655).…”

Section: Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008*

Bousquet¹,

Khaltaev²,

Cruz³

et al. 2008

Allergy

3,749

1,753

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Section: Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008*

Bousquet¹,

Khaltaev²,

Cruz³

et al. 2008

Allergy

3,749

1,753

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“…Reasons for this rise remain unclear, but increases in ambient pollutant levels, such as the oxidant, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), 3 correlate with the increased incidence of allergic sensitization, asthma, and wheeze (1,2). NO 2 is a toxic-free radical gas that is a component of air pollution (1,3) and is also formed in the lung during inflammation (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Dioxide Promotes Allergic Sensitization to Inhaled Antigen

Bevelander

Mayette²,

Whittaker³

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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Allergen sensitization and allergic airway disease are likely to come about through the inhalation of Ag with immunostimulatory molecules. However, environmental pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), may promote adaptive immune responses to innocuous Ags that are not by themselves immunostimulatory. We tested in C57BL/6 mice whether exposure to NO2, followed by inhalation of the innocuous protein Ag, OVA, would result in allergen sensitization and the subsequent development of allergic airway disease. Following challenge with aerosolized OVA alone, mice previously exposed via inhalation to NO2 and OVA developed eosinophilic inflammation and mucus cell metaplasia in the lungs, as well as OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, and Th2-type cytokine responses. One hour of exposure to 10 parts per million NO2 increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of total protein, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and heat shock protein 70; promoted the activation of NF-κB by airway epithelial cells; and stimulated the subsequent allergic response to Ag challenge. Furthermore, features of allergic airway disease were not induced in allergen-challenged TLR2−/− and MyD88−/− mice exposed to NO2 and aerosolized OVA during sensitization. These findings offer a mechanism whereby allergen sensitization and asthma may result under conditions of high ambient or endogenous NO2 levels.

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“…For adult male and female patients, the total weight of the chemical variables in the occurrence of asthma ER visits is higher in the pollen season of Ambrosia compared to the pollen-free season (Table 2). Some studies found that exposure to outdoor air pollutants may increase the risk of allergic airway diseases [11,[55][56][57][58]. This may be explained by the fact that air pollutants, especially burning of fossil fuels, can affect allergens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Asthma Hospitalization among Adults and Elderly

Makra¹

2015

Arch Otolaryngol Rhinold

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Joint effect of biological (pollen) and chemical air pollutants on asthma emergency room (ER) visits was analyzed for Szeged region of Southern Hungary. Our database of a nine-year period (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) includes daily number of asthma emergency room (ER) visits, and daily mean concentrations of CO, PM 10 , NO, NO 2 , O 3 and SO 2 , furthermore two pollen variables (Ambrosia and total pollen excluding Ambrosia), as well. The analysis was performed for ER visits of asthma bronchiale using two age groups (adults and the elderly) of males and females for three seasons. Factor analysis was performed in order to clarify the relative importance of the pollutant variables affecting asthma ER visits. Asthma ER visits denote notably stronger associations with the pollutants in adult male than in adult female patients both for the pollen season of Ambrosia and the pollen-free season. Furthermore, adults are substantially more sensitive to severe asthma attack than the elderly for the season of total pollen excluding Ambrosia pollen. The joint effect of the chemical and pollen variables is the highest for the asthma ER cases in the pollen season of Ambrosia, basically due to the extra impact of the total pollen excluding Ambrosia pollen and partly due to Ambrosia pollen. A nonparametric regression technique was applied to discriminate between events of ER visit -no ER visit using pollen and chemical pollutants as explaining variables. Based on multiple correlations, the strongest relationships between ER visits and pollutants are observed during the pollen-free season. The elderly group with asthma bronchiale is characterized by weaker relationships between ER visits and pollutants compared to adults. Ratio of the number of correct decisions on the events of ER visit -no ER visit is lowest for the season of total pollen excluding Ambrosia pollen. Otherwise, similar conclusions hold as those received by multiple correlations. on aeroallergens. These include impacts on pollen amount, pollen allergen city, pollen season, plant and pollen distribution, and other plant attributes [18][19][20][21][22]. Hence, due to the continually increasing air pollution, respiratory diseases are of major concern worldwide. Air pollution of Hungary is one of the highest in Europe. Around 16,000 annual premature deaths attributable to exposure to ambient PM 10 concentrations are estimated in the country [23,24]. Furthermore, airborne pollen levels are also high. The Carpathian basin, involving Hungary (Figure 1) is considered the most polluted region with airborne ragweed (Ambrosia) pollen in Europe. Ambrosia in Hungary discharges the most pollen of all taxa; the ratio of its pollen release compared to the total pollen release in the late summer period is around 60-71% [25]. Highest counts on peak days in Szeged, Southern Hungary, are about one order of magnitude higher than those in other cities of Europe [26]. The sensitivity of patients to ragweed in Szeged is 83.7% [27]. About 30% of the Hungar...

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The impact of climate and traffic‐related NO₂ on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy

Cited by 109 publications

References 41 publications

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008*

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008*

Nitrogen Dioxide Promotes Allergic Sensitization to Inhaled Antigen

Risk Factors for Asthma Hospitalization among Adults and Elderly

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The impact of climate and traffic‐related NO2 on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy

Cited by 109 publications

References 41 publications

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008*

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008*

Nitrogen Dioxide Promotes Allergic Sensitization to Inhaled Antigen

Risk Factors for Asthma Hospitalization among Adults and Elderly

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The impact of climate and traffic‐related NO₂ on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy