Background
Prior national surveys capture smoking behaviors of the aggregate US Hispanic/Latino population, possibly obscuring subgroup variation.
Purpose
To describe cigarette use among Hispanic/Latino adults across subgroups of age, sex, national background, socioeconomic status, birthplace and degree of acculturation to the dominant US culture.
Methods
Cross-sectional survey of 16,322 participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos aged 18 to 74 years old, recruited in Bronx NY, Chicago IL, Miami FL and San Diego CA during 2008–2011.
Results
Prevalence of current smoking was highest among Puerto Rican persons (men 35.0%, women 32.6%) and Cuban persons (men 31.3%, women 21.9%), with particularly high smoking intensity as measured by pack-years and cigarettes/day among Cubans. Dominican persons had the lowest smoking prevalence (men 11.0%, women 11.7%). Persons of other national backgrounds had smoking prevalence that was intermediate between these groups, and typically higher among men than women. Non-daily smoking was common, particularly although not exclusively among young men of Mexican background. Persons of low socioeconomic status were more likely to smoke, were less likely to have quit smoking, and less frequently used over-the-counter quit aids as compared to those with higher income and education. Smoking was more common among individuals who were US-born and who had higher level of acculturation to the dominant US culture, particularly among women.
Conclusions
Smoking behaviors vary widely across Hispanic/Latino groups in the US, with high prevalence of smoking among population subgroups with specific, readily-identifiable characteristics.