The Impact of China's AIIB on the World Bank

Qian, Jing; Vreeland, James Raymond; Zhao, Jianzhi

doi:10.1017/s0020818322000327

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Alesina and Dollar (2000) demonstrated how factors such as alliance status and friendship in the UN predict foreign aid flows, confirming the expectations of McKinlay and Little (1977;1979). This trend has appeared consistent (Cheng and Minhas 2021;Bermeo 2008;Stallings 2016) and also applies to the realm of developmental aid through multilateral lending institutions (Kilby 2009;Kersting and Kilby 2016;Dreher, Sturm, and Vreeland 2015;Dreher and Sturm 2012;Lim and Vreeland 2013; R. Clark and Dolan 2021;Qian, Vreeland, and Zhao 2023).…”

Section: Preservesupporting

confidence: 64%

Preserve, Pressure, Protect, and Peel: The US-China Rivalry and the Politics of Vaccine Provision

Inouye

2023

Preprint

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Lead states compete for influence and followers and the provision of health aid is a crucial foreign policy tool. Yet, there is variation in the means and patterns of provision. How and to which countries do providing states distribute vaccines amidst global crisis and rivalry? This article posits a novel typology of strategies: preserving existing partnerships, pressuring opponents, protecting recipients based on need, and peeling off countries from geopolitical rivals. It then analyzes US and Chinese vaccine distribution throughout the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to such strategies. Regression results and Bayesian process tracing suggest the US approach is characterized by protecting and peeling, while the Chinese approach is a combination of pressuring, preserving, and protecting. As for why certain provision strategies are pursued over others, evidence from original interviews and case studies of Nicaragua and Paraguay suggest grand strategic considerations take precedent over dyadic geopolitical calculations or domestic special interests.

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Section: Preservesupporting

confidence: 64%

Preserve, Pressure, Protect, and Peel: The US-China Rivalry and the Politics of Vaccine Provision

Inouye

2023

Preprint

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“…Recent decades have witnessed the resurgence of the People's Republic of China and its continuous efforts to strive for a greater global role. Contemporary discussions surrounding China's rise now encompass not only the exploration of its perspective on world order (Chen & Zhang, 2020;Wu, 2018), but also an examination of how China cooperates in, competes with, and contests the current world order and its international institutions (Foot, 2024a;Qian et al, 2023).…”

Section: China's E Xpand Ing Role At the Unmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed funding pattern: China's exercise of power within the United Nations

Zhang,

Jing

2024

Global Policy

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China's financial contributions to the United Nations have increased in tandem with its growing economic might. However, their composition differs from that of other large (Western) contributors, being predominantly made up of mandatory fees and to a much lesser degree of voluntary core and earmarked contributions. What types of power does China seek and exercise through these different funding modalities? This article uses the conceptual power framework developed by Barnett and Duvall to answer this question. We argue that China's UN funding strategy reflects a careful balance between its commitments as a ‘responsible great power’ contributing to multilateralism and its desire to expand its influence within the UN system. We suggest that China exercises compulsory and structural power through assessed contributions and acquires some limited institutional and structural power via voluntary core contributions, while its voluntary earmarked contributions relate, to varying degrees, to all four power types — compulsory, structural, institutional, and productive. We also discuss key reasons behind the limited nature of China's voluntary funding. Based on our analysis, we suggest that the overall increase in China's funding contributes to changes in China's favor but, so far, has not led to more substantive power shifts at the UN.

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“…Moreover, China’s ability to establish its initiatives has rivalled that of the World Bank. Some evidence suggests that these efforts have been successful, as countries less favoured by Bretton Wood institutions have shown high-level support for these Chinese-led organisations [ 88 ]. The decision of the Angolan government in 2004 to seek assistance from Chinese loans after the civil war by negotiating oil-backed loans with the China Export and Import Bank to reconstruct infrastructure, and the leader of Hezbollah stating that China could help Lebanon rather than the IMF to recover from the economic crisis in August 2020, are further incidents illustrating a trend where countries increasingly consider China as a viable alternative to the IMF for financial assistance and economic reform [ 89 , 90 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing IMF assistance in the Sub-Saharan African region

Abeywickrama,

Perera,

Samarathunga

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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This study examines the determinants influencing the likelihood of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries seeking assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF, as a global institution, aims to promote sustainable growth and prosperity among its member countries by supporting economic strategies that foster financial stability and collaboration in monetary affairs. Utilising panel-probit regression, this study analyses data from thirty-nine SSA countries spanning from 2000 to 2022, focusing on twelve factors: Current Account Balance (CAB), inflation, corruption, General Government Net Lending and Borrowing (GGNLB), General Government Gross Debt (GGGD), Gross Domestic Product Growth (GDPG), United Nations Security Council (UNSC) involvement, regime types (Closed Autocracy, Electoral Democracy, Electoral Autocracy, Liberal Democracy) and China Loan. The results indicate that corruption and GDP growth rate have the most significant influence on the likelihood of SSA countries seeking IMF assistance. Conversely, factors such as CAB, UNSC involvement, LD and inflation show inconsequential effects. Notable, countries like Sudan, Burundi, and Guinea consistently rank high in seeking IMF assistance over various time frames within the observed period. Sudan emerges with a probability of more than 44% in seeking IMF assistance, holding the highest ranking. Study emphasises the importance of understanding SSA region rankings and the variability of variables for policymakers, investors, and international organisations to effectively address economic challenges and provide financial assistance.

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The Impact of China's AIIB on the World Bank

Cited by 10 publications

References 65 publications

Preserve, Pressure, Protect, and Peel: The US-China Rivalry and the Politics of Vaccine Provision

Preserve, Pressure, Protect, and Peel: The US-China Rivalry and the Politics of Vaccine Provision

A mixed funding pattern: China's exercise of power within the United Nations

Factors influencing IMF assistance in the Sub-Saharan African region

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