A study was conducted to investigate the impact of cement dust pollution from LARFAGE cement Industry, Ewekoro on physicochemical and microbiological properties of surrounding soil microbes. The physiochemical characteristics determined were soil pH using pH meter, moisture content was determined using oven drying method, electrical conductivity was determined on a 1:1(V/V) soil/water mixture. While heavy metals contents were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Microbial species were examined using disc diffusion method. The results showed that, pH of the soil ranged from 6.27±0.03- 6.47±0.03. The areas closer to the factory site (500m) had highest pH values (6.47). The soil moisture content ranged from 15.78±2.52- 9.65±1.16, with values decreasing progressively away from the factory site. The levels of heavy metals except Mg, Zn and Na were higher within the factory than in the control. Cr, Fe, Pb, Fe, Cd, Ca and Cu were significantly higher at P<0.05 in all localities than in control. Isolated microbial flora consists of 5 bacteria genera belonging to, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Bacillus, Flarobacterium and Micrococcus, and 8 fungal genera belonging to Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Mucor, Nocrolia, Geotrichum, Rhizopus and Fusarium. The bacteria and fungi was influenced by the cement dust deposition. The minimum counts of bacteria 1.89±0.34 and 1.99±0.09 X 108 in polluted soil and 1.85±0.51 X 104 control soil were lower than the fungal counts 10.33±2.33 X104 – 15.00±1.15 X 104 in both soils. The lower counts of bacteria compared to fungi may be as a result of nutrient status of the soil. Microbial population diversity increased steadily away from the factory. Thus, the variation is attributed to the impact of pH and heavy metals on microbial population.