The Impact of Catalpol on Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Oxidative Stress of Lung Cancer Cells Based on Nrf2/ARE Signaling

Abstract

The effects of catalpol on lung cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and oxidative stress via the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway are investigated in this work. Catalpol-12 g/mL group, catalpol-24 g/mL group, catalpol-48 g/mL group, catalpol − 48 g / mL + vector group , catalpol − 48 g / mL + Nrf 2 group , si-NC group, and si-Nrf2 group were used to split lung cancer cells A549 into control groups. Proliferation was detected using the CCK-8 assay; apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry; migration was detected using the transwell chamber; ROS was distinguished using the DCFHDA method; MDA, SOD, and GSH were detected using the microvolume method; and Cleaved Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-9, Nrf2, HO-1, MMP-9, and MMP-2 were detected using the Western blot method. Catalpol 12 g/mL and 24 g/mL-48 g/mL treatment decreased the proliferation activity, migration number, and Nrf2, HO-1, MMP-9, and MMP-2 protein levels of lung cancer cells when compared to the control group. SOD and GSH levels of lung cancer cells were decreased, and MDA and ROS levels were increased. Cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 protein expression levels, and apoptosis were boosted ( P < 0.05 ). The proliferation activity, migration number, and protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, MMP-9, and MMP-2 in the catalpol − 48 g / mL + Nrf 2 group were raised compared to the catalpol − 48 g / mL + vector group , whereas there was an apparent drop in the Cleaved Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-9, and apoptosis rate. Similarly, SOD and GSH contents increased, whereas MDA and ROS decreased ( P < 0.05 ). The proliferation activity, migration number, and Nrf2, HO-1, MMP-9, and MMP-2 protein levels of lung cancer cells in the si-Nrf2 group were all decreased when compared to the si-NC and control groups. Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 protein expression, on the other hand, increased as MDA and ROS levels were raised while SOD and GSH levels dropped ( P < 0.05 ). It reveals that catalpol inhibits the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, which causes antiproliferation, migration, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in cancer cells of lungs. The rate of apoptosis was also lowered.

Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 by Natural Compounds in Lung Cancer

“…Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside contained richly in the roots of the small flowering plant species Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, has been revealed to have antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis properties [ 165 ]. Based on some results, treatment of lung cancer cells with catalpol remarkably reduce the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 compared with the control group [ 166 ].…”

The mechanism and application of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in the treatment of lung cancer and other lung-related diseases

“…Glycyrrhizin hampers the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells, an effect intricately linked to its reduction in the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway ( Wu et al, 2018 ). A study by Wang et al ( Wang et al, 2022 )unveiled that catalpol, extracted from Radix Rehmanniae, hinders the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, leading to a substantial decrease in the proliferation and migration abilities of lung cancer cells. The primary mechanism behind the anti-lung cancer effect of Fritillaria extract revolves around protein phosphorylation.…”

“…Ligusticum wallichii (Ligustrazine) blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway Dong et al (2020) Ophiopogon japonicus extract inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway Chen et al (2017) Licorice (Glycyrrhizin) inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway Wu et al (2018)Radix Rehmanniae (catalpol) inhibiting the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathwayWang et al (2022) …”

Retracted: The Impact of Catalpol on Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Oxidative Stress of Lung Cancer Cells Based on Nrf2/ARE Signaling

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Manipulated or compromised peer review …”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”