The impact of cancer cachexia on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid metabolism in a murine model

Jeong, Seung Min; Jin, Eun‐Ju; Wei, Shibo; Bae, Ju-Hyeon; Ji, Yosep; Jo, Yunju; Jeong, Jee–Heon; Im, Se Jin; Ryu, Dongryeol

doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0068

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Published results for these measures in cachectic tumor-bearing mice and humans are inconsistent. Jeong et al [40] found that cachectic mice bearing Lewis lung cancer cell allografts had lower alpha diversity than non-tumor-bearing mice. We found neither community richness nor diversity was different regardless of tumor type (sarcoma vs. carcinoma), the diet consumed (walnut vs. control), and treatment (NTB-AL, TB, and NTB-PF).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beta diversity analysis quantifies the similarity or dissimilarity between microbiome pairs between samples, such as the walnut and control diets. Jeong et al [40] found that cachectic mice bearing Lewis lung cancer cell allografts had distinct beta diversity compared to the non-tumor-bearing mice. We found a noticeable difference in beta diversity; tumor type and diet caused a significant separation in the composition of the gut microbiome, while treatment had no effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Differs in Two Distinct Cachectic Tumor-Bearing Models Consuming the Same Diet

Byerley,

Lorenzen,

Chang

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The impact of cancer cachexia on the colonic microbiota is poorly characterized. This study assessed the effect of two cachectic-producing tumor types on the gut microbiota to determine if a similar dysbiosis could be found. In addition, it was determined if a diet containing an immunonutrient-rich food (walnuts) known to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria in the colon could alter the dysbiosis and slow cachexia. Male Fisher 344 rats were randomly assigned to a semi-purified diet with or without walnuts. Then, within each diet group, rats were further assigned randomly to a treatment group: tumor-bearing ad libitum fed (TB), non-tumor-bearing ad libitum fed (NTB-AL), and non-tumor-bearing group pair-fed to the TB (NTB-PF). The TB group was implanted either with the Ward colon carcinoma or MCA-induced sarcoma, both transplantable tumor lines. Fecal samples were collected after the development of cachexia, and bacteria species were identified using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Both TB groups developed cachexia but had a differently altered gut microbiome. Beta diversity was unaffected by treatment (NTB-AL, TB, and NTB-PF) regardless of tumor type but was affected by diet. Also, diet consistently changed the relative abundance of several bacteria taxa, while treatment and tumor type did not. The control diet increased the abundance of A. Anaeroplasma, while the walnut diet increased the genus Ruminococcus. There were no common fecal bacterial changes characteristic of cachexia found. Diet consistently changed the gut microbiota, but these changes were insufficient to slow the progression of cachexia, suggesting cancer cachexia is more complex than a few gut microbiota shifts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Differs in Two Distinct Cachectic Tumor-Bearing Models Consuming the Same Diet

Byerley,

Lorenzen,

Chang

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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show abstract

“…CAC is a debilitating syndrome that is characterized by reduced appetite, physical performance, and adipose and muscle wasting ( 80 , 81 ). CAC mainly occurs in advanced stages of cancer, which leads to decreased survival rate and quality of life, and tolerance to anti-cancer therapy ( 82 , 83 ).…”

Section: Contribution Of Cns On the Development Of Cancer-associated ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of the nervous system in the cancer progression

Park,

Lee

2024

BMB Rep

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Cancer progression is driven by genetic mutations, environmental factors, and intricate interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME comprises of diverse cell types, such as cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and neuronal cells. These cells mutually influence each other through various factors, including cytokines, vascular perfusion, and matrix stiffness. In the initial or developmental stage of cancer, neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor are associated with poor prognosis of various cancers by communicating with cancer cells, immune cells, and peripheral nerves within the TME. Over the past decade, research has been conducted to prevent cancer growth by controlling the activation of neurotrophic factors within tumors, exhibiting a novel attemt in cancer treatment with promising results. More recently, research focusing on controlling cancer growth through regulation of the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, has gained significant attention. Sympathetic signaling predominantly promotes tumor progression, while the role of parasympathetic signaling varies among different cancer types. Neurotransmitters released from these signalings can directly or indirectly affect tumor cells or immune cells within the TME. Additionally, sensory nerve significantly promotes cancer progression. In the advanced stage of cancer, cancer-associated cachexia occurs, characterized by tissue wasting and reduced quality of life. This process involves the pathways via brainstem growth and differentiation factor 15-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-like signaling and hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons. Our review highlights the critical role of neurotrophic factors as well as central nervous system on the progression of cancer, offering promising avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies.

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Gut microbiota-generated metabolites: missing puzzles to hosts’ health, diseases, and aging

Zhang,

Wei,

Zhang

et al. 2024

BMB Rep

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The impact of cancer cachexia on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid metabolism in a murine model

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Differs in Two Distinct Cachectic Tumor-Bearing Models Consuming the Same Diet

Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Differs in Two Distinct Cachectic Tumor-Bearing Models Consuming the Same Diet

The contribution of the nervous system in the cancer progression

Gut microbiota-generated metabolites: missing puzzles to hosts’ health, diseases, and aging

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