The impact of breastfeeding practices on respiratory and diarrhoeal disease in infancy: a study from Sri Lanka

Perera, Bjc; Ganesan, Sundar; Jayarasa, J.; Ranaweera, Sajeeva

doi:10.1093/tropej/45.2.115

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…This supports findings of previous studies in the country, which revealed that the knowledge and management practice of many aspects of diarrhoea was grossly deficient, particularly among the younger and less educated mothers 3,15 . The lack of breast-feeding was not significantly associated with diarrhoeal episodes in our study, in contradiction to the findings of most studies reporting that diarrhoea is much more common in non-breast-fed children than in breast-fed children 12,13 . This may be real or may be due to sampling errors or variations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Diarrhoea and child feeding practices in Saudi Arabia

Bani

Saeed

Othman

2002

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of diarrhoea in children less than two years old and study the relationship between diarrhoeal episodes and action taken for these episodes by their mothers. Design: The prevalence of diarrhoeal episodes among children and its associations with sociodemographic information and anthropometric measurements of the subjects was examined. Predictive factors for morbidity-associated diarrhoeal disease and actions taken for this were explored. Setting: Primary health care centres (PHCCs) in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Subjects: Children less than two years of age. Results: Nearly a quarter of the children contracted diarrhoea during the two weeks preceding the data collection point, giving about six episodes of diarrhoea per child per year. Diarrhoea was more common in children over 6 months of age, in children who had no vaccination or follow-up cards, and in those who were taken care of by friends and neighbours if their mothers were working outside the home. The mothers of the affected children were young, married before 25 years of age with 2-6 years of formal schooling. During diarrhoeal episodes, about 25% of mothers stopped or decreased breast-feeding, 11.3% reduced the volume of fluids given to their children, and 22.7% of children were fed less solid/semi-solid foods. Mothers used oral rehydration salt in more than 40% of diarrhoeal episodes and unprescribed antibiotics were used in 17% of cases. The mothers who were not taking appropriate action included young mothers with low education level and those working outside the home. Conclusion: Diarrhoea is common in children less than two years old in Riyadh City, and intervention based in PHCCs needs to be undertaken to correct the faulty practices of mothers during diarrhoeal episodes in their children. Health education messages should emphasise feeding during diarrhoeal episodes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Diarrhoea and child feeding practices in Saudi Arabia

Bani

Saeed

Othman

2002

Public Health Nutr.

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“…The second mechanism is to have less disease burden due to infections, which reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure through fever and loss of nutrients through stools. Some of these effects have been confirmed in earlier studies in other settings (Lopez-Alarcon et al, 1997;Zaman and Baqui, 1997;Perera et al, 1999;Baker et al, 2006;Gunnarsdottir et al, 2009;Singh et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The outcome of exclusive breastfeeding is to reduce the rates of morbidity, and mortality in early infancy has been extensively reviewed (Lopez-Alarcon et al, 1997;Zaman and Baqui, 1997;Perera et al, 1999;Baker et al, 2006;Black, 2008). Appropriate breastfeeding of newborns under 2 years of age has the greatest potential impact on child survival of all preventive interventions, with the potential to prevent 1.4 million deaths in the developing countries (Lauer et al, 2007;UNICEF, 2008;LancetSeries, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nutrition education on exclusive breastfeeding for nutritional outcome of low birth weight babies

Thakur¹,

Paul³

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Low birth weight (LBW), defined as the body weight at birth of less than 2500 g, is a major public health problem in Bangladesh, where 37% of the babies are born with LBW. The objective of this study is to see the impact of nutrition education on growth of LBW babies with early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding compared to control group. Subjects/Methods: A total of 184 LBW babies and their mothers who attended the Maternal Care and Health Training Institute and Dhaka Medical College Hospital were randomly allocated to either intervention or control group. Enrollment of the study population started in May 2008 and was completed in October 2008. Nutrition education was given to mothers twice weekly for 2 months, on initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h, exclusive breastfeeding and increasing their dietary intake. Nutritional status of LBW babies was assessed for length and weight every 2 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Window's version 12.Comparison of mean of data was done using standard Student's t-test. Results: Mean initial body weight and length of LBW babies were similar in both groups (2261 ± 198 g vs 2241 ± 244 g, P ¼ 0.535 and 43.0±1.3 cm vs 43.0±1.7 cm, P ¼ 0.77). Body weight and length of the LBW babies after 2 months increased significantly (3620 ± 229 g vs 3315 ± 301 g, Po0.001 and 50.2 ± 1.3 cm vs 48.7 ± 1.6 cm, Po0.001). It was found that the intervention group suffered less from respiratory illness compared with the control group (39% vs 66%, Po0.001). The rate of early initiation of breastfeeding was also significantly higher with nutrition intervention (59.8% vs 37.2%, Po0.001). Exclusive breastfeeding rate was significantly higher in intervention group (59.8% vs 37%, P ¼ 0.003). Conclusions: The present study showed that weight and length gain of LBW babies significantly increased by breastfeeding and nutrition education. Therefore, nutrition education on breastfeeding proves to be a strong tool to reduce the high risk of malnutrition and mortality of the LBW babies.

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“…72 Moreover, replacement of colostrum with pre-lacteal feeds increased the risk of neonatal mortality in The Gambia, 73 and mixed supplemental feeding was associated with increased rates of diarrhea, 74,75 respiratory illness, 76,77 and mother-to-child transmission of HIV. 78 Although breastfeeding is common, immediate and exclusive breastfeeding, despite its benefits, is not normal practice in many developing countries, particularly for LBW newborns.…”

Section: Moss Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Priorities for the Reduction of Perinatal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Developing Country Communities

et al. 2002

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Despite global declines in under-five and infant mortality rates in recent decades, neonatal mortality rates have remained relatively unchanged.1 Mortality during the first 28 days of life now accounts for two-thirds of deaths in children less than 1 year of age, and nearly four-tenths of all deaths in children less than 5 years of age.2 -4 A recent analysis found that the loss of healthy life from newborn deaths represented 8.2% and 13.6% of the burden of disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, respectively, or 27 and 53 million years of life lost in those two respective regions alone. 5 The analysis, however, highlighted the dearth of information available on neonatal outcomes in developing countries, particularly at the community level, and the potential for currently available figures to underestimate the magnitude of the problem. Thus, epidemiological research is needed to make available more accurate data on risk factors and causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, and improved and validated neonatal verbal autopsy instruments are needed in order to collect accurate data.For every death during the neonatal period, it is estimated that another stillbirth has occurred; when combined with the two-thirds of neonatal deaths that occur during the first week of life, perinatal deaths nearly equal the number of deaths during the entire first year of life. 6,7 Estimates from the World Bank suggest that perinatal deaths account for approximately 7% of the global burden of disease, exceeding that due to malaria and vaccine-preventable infections combined. 8 Worldwide, 98% of all neonatal deaths occur in developing countries, most often at home, outside the formal health care system, and largely due to infections (32%), birth asphyxia and injuries (29%), and consequences of prematurity and congenital anomalies (34%).9 Infections may account for approximately half of newborn deaths at the community level.10 Low birth weight (LBW) is an overriding factor in the majority of the deaths. 1Conditions that affect the neonate, including LBW, impact not only neonatal mortality but also long-term morbidity through effects on neurological and cognitive development and associations with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic lung disease.11 Thus, interventions that prevent morbidity during the neonatal period have the potential to be highly cost-effective and impact health far beyond the neonatal period.In this review, we present a conceptual framework for maternal and neonatal health care, and in this context, propose priority research activities to improve perinatal and neonatal health and survival in developing country communities. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND CONTEXT OF NEONATAL HEALTH CARE AND RESEARCHImproving newborn health and survival depends in large measure on more effectively implementing what we already know works.Although post -neonatal and child mortality rates have declined dramatically in many developing countries in recent decades, neonatal mortality rates have remained relati...

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The impact of breastfeeding practices on respiratory and diarrhoeal disease in infancy: a study from Sri Lanka

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Diarrhoea and child feeding practices in Saudi Arabia

Diarrhoea and child feeding practices in Saudi Arabia

Effect of nutrition education on exclusive breastfeeding for nutritional outcome of low birth weight babies

Research Priorities for the Reduction of Perinatal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Developing Country Communities

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