The Impact of Blue Inorganic Pigments on the Microwave Electrical Properties of Polymer Composites

Costa, L.C.; Henry, F.

doi:10.1155/2012/628237

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The permittivity values of a sample can be obtained through the changes in the resonant frequency, Δf, and in the inverse of the quality factor Δ(1/Q) of the resonant cavity, when introducing a sample in the cavity, where the electric field is maximal [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sol-Gel Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Bismuth Niobate Modified by Iron Inclusion

Devesa¹,

Graça²,

Costa³

2017

Recent Applications in Sol-Gel Synthesis

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The current progress in communication technologies is leading to extensive studies on the development of miniaturized electronic devices with high electromagnetic performances, reliability, and low cost. Contributing to this purpose, the development and study of new materials, with promising electric properties in radio and microwave ranges, have been subject of our research in particular niobate-based materials. Bismuth niobate, BiNbO 4 , is a low-firing ceramic that has been studied for a variety of applications in the microelectronic industry. In this work, the microwave dielectric characterization of (Bi 1−x Fe x )NbO 4 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) samples, prepared by the sol-gel method and heat treated at specific temperatures, is performed and related with their structure and morphology. The structural data were obtained by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy and the morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric characterization in the microwave region was made using the small perturbation theory, with a resonant cavity operating in TE 105 mode, at the frequency of 2.7 GHz. The results show that the sol-gel method has the advantage of allowing the formation of α-BiNbO 4 phase at lower temperatures when compared with conventional preparation methods, and that the inclusion of iron inhibits the formation of low-and high-temperature β-BiNbO 4 phases.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering only the first-order perturbation in the electric field caused by the sample [30][31][32][33],…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-Gel Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Bismuth Niobate Modified by Iron Inclusion

Devesa¹,

Graça²,

Costa³

2017

Recent Applications in Sol-Gel Synthesis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We measured the shift in the resonant frequency of the cavity, Δf, caused by the insertion of the sample, which can be related to the real part of the complex permittivity, ε 0 , and the change in the inverse of the quality factor of the cavity, (1/ Q), which gives the imaginary part, ε″. The relations are simple when we consider only the first order perturbation in the electric field caused by the sample [10][11][12][13],…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave dielectric properties of (Bi1−xFex)NbO4 ceramics prepared by the sol–gel method

Devesa

Graça

Henry

et al. 2015

Ceramics International

Self Cite

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“…Conversely, inorganic pigments exhibit a contrasting behavior, demonstrating no significant effect on injection mold shrinkage and maintaining stability throughout the compounding and usage phases [ 1 , 3 ]. Ultramarine blue, an inorganic pigment, distinguishes itself as a secure, non-hazardous, and environmentally benign coloring agent, finding widespread application in injection molding processes [ 20 ]. In contrast, the use of phthalocyanine blue, an organic pigment, is deemed unsuitable due to its adverse impact on product shrinkage [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Compounding Parameters on Color Space and Properties of Thermoplastics with Ultramarine Blue Pigment

Neo,

Kitada,

Deeying

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The incorporation of thermoplastics with pigments imparts diverse aesthetic qualities and properties to colored thermoplastic products. The selection of pigment type and content, along with specific processing conditions, plays a pivotal role in influencing color properties and overall product performance. This study focuses on optimizing these parameters to ensure the desired color quality and product functionality. Two types of polypropylene copolymer (PPCP) with different melt flow rates (MFRs) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were compounded with ultramarine blue pigment masterbatch (MB) in concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 wt.% using a twin-screw extruder. The compounding process was conducted at a constant screw speed of 200 rpm and a die temperature of 210 °C. The effects of screw speed and die temperature were investigated at a constant MB of 3 wt.%. Colored samples were fabricated by injection molding. Microscopic analysis revealed a well-dispersed pigment within the PPCP matrix when using the MB. Rheological properties, assessed through the power law index, confirmed effective pigment dispersion, facilitated by shear thinning behavior and controlled shear rate via the manipulation of screw speed and die temperature. The effects of masterbatch contents and processing conditions on color spaces were evaluated using CIELAB and CIELCH, with one-way ANOVA employed to identify statistical significance. Higher opacity in high-MFR PPCP and ABS resulted in increased lightness and color strength, surpassing low-MFR PPCP by 15–40% at equivalent MB contents. Masterbatch content emerged as a significant factor influencing the color spaces of all colored thermoplastics. Further analysis, including Fisher pairwise comparisons of one-way ANOVA, revealed that screw speed influenced the redness and hue of low-MFR PPCP, whereas die temperature affected the lightness and hue of high-MFR PPCP and ABS. Interestingly, the blueness and chroma of colored thermoplastics were minimally affected by both screw speed and die temperature. Notably, regardless of processing conditions, the flexural properties of colored thermoplastics remained comparable to the neat polymer when incorporated with ultramarine blue pigment masterbatch.

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The Impact of Blue Inorganic Pigments on the Microwave Electrical Properties of Polymer Composites

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Sol-Gel Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Bismuth Niobate Modified by Iron Inclusion

Sol-Gel Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Bismuth Niobate Modified by Iron Inclusion

Microwave dielectric properties of (Bi1−xFex)NbO4 ceramics prepared by the sol–gel method

Influence of Compounding Parameters on Color Space and Properties of Thermoplastics with Ultramarine Blue Pigment

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