The impact of baby schema on perceived attractiveness, beauty, and cuteness in female adults

Kuraguchi, Kana; Taniguchi, Kouichi; Ashida, Hiroshi

doi:10.1186/s40064-015-0940-8

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Prior literature 10–12 has found positive associations between perceived youth and attractiveness. Furthermore, attractiveness is reportedly associated with perceived health.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Association of Face-lift Surgery With Social Perception, Age, Attractiveness, Health, and Success

Nellis

Ishii

Papel

et al. 2017

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

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IMPORTANCE Evidence quantifying the influence of face-lift surgery on societal perceptions is lacking.OBJECTIVE To measure the association of face-lift surgery with observer-graded perceived age, attractiveness, success, and overall health. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn a web-based survey, 526 casual observers naive to the purpose of the study viewed independent images of 13 unique female patient faces before or after face-lift surgery from January 1, 2016, through June 30, 2016. The Delphi method was used to select standardized patient images confirming appropriate patient candidacy and overall surgical effect. Observers estimated age and rated the attractiveness, perceived success, and perceived overall health for each patient image. Facial perception questions were answered on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores corresponding to more positive responses. To evaluate the accuracy of observer age estimation, the patients' preoperative estimated mean age was compared with the patients' actual mean age. A multivariate mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of face-lift surgery. To further characterize the effect of face-lift surgery, estimated ordinal-rank change was calculated for each domain. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Blinded casual observer ratings of patients estimated age, attractiveness, perceived success, and perceived overall health. RESULTS A total of 483 observers (mean [SD] age, 29 [8.6] years; 382 women [79.4%]) successfully completed the survey. Comparing patients' preoperative estimated mean (SD) age (59.6 [9.0] years) and patients' actual mean (SD) age (58.4 [6.9] years) revealed no significant difference (t 2662 = −0.47; 95% CI, −6.07 to 3.72; P = .64). On multivariate regression, patients after face-lift surgery were rated as significantly younger (coefficient, −3.69; 95% CI −4.15 to −3.23; P < .001), more attractive (coefficient, 8.21; 95% CI, 7.41-9.02; P < .001), more successful (coefficient, 5.82; 95% CI, 5.05 to 6.59; P < .001), and overall healthier (coefficient, 8.72; 95% CI, 7.88-9.56; P < .001). The ordinal rank changes for an average individual were −21 for perceived age, 21 for attractiveness, 16 for success, and 21 for overall health. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this study, observer perceptions of face-lift surgery were associated with views that patients appeared younger, more attractive, healthier, and more successful. These findings highlight observer perceptions of face-lift surgery that could positively influence social interactions.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.

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“…Prior literature 10–12 has found positive associations between perceived youth and attractiveness. Furthermore, attractiveness is reportedly associated with perceived health.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Association of Face-lift Surgery With Social Perception, Age, Attractiveness, Health, and Success

Nellis

Ishii

Papel

et al. 2017

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Attractive female faces, however, possess both neonate and sexually dimorphic features ( Cunningham, 1986 ; Pfluger et al, 2012 ), therefore the criteria of judging beauty and cuteness might be overlapping. Kuraguchi et al (2015) showed that beauty and cuteness might represent different aspects of attractiveness even though similar facial features affected both judgments to some degree. Therefore, the first aim of this study is to investigate whether beauty and cuteness are distinguished through availability in peripheral vision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beauty and cuteness in peripheral vision

Kuraguchi

Ashida

2015

Front. Psychol.

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Guo et al. (2011) showed that attractiveness was detectable in peripheral vision. Since there are different types of attractiveness (Rhodes, 2006), we investigated how beauty and cuteness are detected in peripheral vision with a brief presentation. Participants (n = 45) observed two Japanese female faces for 100 ms, then were asked to respond which face was more beautiful (or cuter). The results indicated that both beauty and cuteness were detectable in peripheral vision, but not in the same manner. Discrimination rates for judging beauty were invariant in peripheral and central vision, while discrimination rates for judging cuteness declined in peripheral vision as compared with central vision. This was not explained by lower resolution in peripheral vision. In addition, for male participants, it was more difficult to judge cuteness than beauty in peripheral vision, thus suggesting that gender differences can have a certain effect when judging cuteness. Therefore, central vision might be suitable for judging cuteness while judging beauty might not be affected by either central or peripheral vision. This might be related with the functional difference between beauty and cuteness.

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“…So, a 'cuter' face with a high baby schema should be typical of females and this is supported by the established 'cute is female' stereotype 25,26 . It has been found that humans are not only sensitive to human infant baby schema but also to baby schema as a rating of cuteness in adult faces 27 . In addition, humans are sensitive to animal baby schema 28,29 and have an instinctive ability to recognise cuteness in the form of baby schema in animals 30,31 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of first impression judgements in interspecies interactions

Clark

Butler

Ritchie

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Close human-wildlife interactions are rapidly growing, particularly due to wildlife tourism popularity. Using both laboratory and ecological observation studies we explored potential interspecies communication signalling mechanisms underpinning human-animal approach behaviour, which to date have been unclear. First impression ratings (n = 227) of Barbary macaques' social and health traits were related to the macaques' facial morphology and their observed behaviour supporting a shared facial signalling system in primates. These ratings significantly predicted intended approach to the macaques during hypothetical interactions. Finally, real-world interspecies proximity was observed and found to be best predicted by the interaction between human first impression perception and animal behaviour. Specifically, perceived macaque health in interaction with actual macaque dominance drives close interactions despite human proclivity to avoid dominant animals, raising safety concerns in interspecies interactions.A growing body of evidence suggests that we automatically form first impressions of people from their faces. These first impressions are made quickly 1 , non-consciously 2 , and incidentally without instruction 3 . These first impression judgements have been shown to influence people's behaviour toward an individual, determining the initiation of positive or negative interactions 4 . For instance, dominance is considered to be a cue of a person's intentions, and a dominant person could be considered as a potential threat 5 . Although the accuracy of first impression judgements has been largely debated 5-7 , previous studies have shown that first impressions of survival-related traits, e.g. dominance, were more accurate and consistent than more subtle characteristics such as intelligence, suggesting a potential evolutionary advantage of accurate first impression judgements. First impressions are important in interactions as they allow for the prediction of future behaviour 8 , which, if these judgements are inaccurate, could lead humans to put themselves at risk. However, to date, little is known about how humans make judgements of whether and how to interact with individual non-human animals (hereafter animals), and whether these judgements are accurate.It has been suggested that humans and non-human primates (hereafter primates) have a shared personality facial signalling system, and that both species could use first impression judgements to accurately assess other primate species' social and health traits 9 . For example, naïve participants have been shown to accurately rate extraversion social traits such as dominance in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from static, neutral faces when compared to personality ratings from the chimpanzees' keepers 9,10 . Japanese and rhesus macaques (Macaca fuscata & Macaca mulatta) have also been shown to have a visual attentional preference for 'trustworthy' human faces 11 . Indeed, morphometric measures of facial structure such as the facial width to height ratio (fWHR) has been e...

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The impact of baby schema on perceived attractiveness, beauty, and cuteness in female adults

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Association of Face-lift Surgery With Social Perception, Age, Attractiveness, Health, and Success

Association of Face-lift Surgery With Social Perception, Age, Attractiveness, Health, and Success

Beauty and cuteness in peripheral vision

The importance of first impression judgements in interspecies interactions

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