The impact of autostereoscopic screens on assessing depth perception

Current Developments in the Management of Amblyopia with the Use of Perceptual Learning Techniques

“…During the course of treatment, as patients overcome suppression and improve their performance, contrast is gradually rebalanced between the two eyes until equal values [12,13]. Below, we discuss the main types of visual PL therapies: *Though t-ES is not a type of PL treatment, we mention it in this section because electric brain stimulation has been applied in combination with visual PL in several studies in order to enhance the training effects of PL by boosting neural excitability and neuroplasticity [63].…”

“…One very popular form of PL is interactive video games, where different elements of the game are presented in each eye, and the player has to combine information from both eyes to interact accordingly and fulfill the game task. These games are designed as software applications either installed on a computer, tablet, smartphone, or game console or played online [25,27,31,33,39,[42][43][44]63]. Several studies evaluated the effectiveness of dichoptic video games for the treatment of amblyopia.…”

“…A handheld gaming console, the Nintendo 3DS XL (Nintendo Corp, Kyoto, Japan), was employed for this purpose in a number of studies, as it features an autostereographic display. This display includes a parallax barrier, directing half of the pixels to project toward one eye and the rest of the pixels toward the other eye, allowing for 3-D viewing without the need to wear polarized filters or shutter glasses [29,40,63]. A variety of popular animation movies were modified with appropriate software (customized MATLAB, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) in order to present low-contrast images to the sound (or less amblyopic) eye as a home-based treatment for amblyopia [40].…”