The impact of automotive catalysis on the United Nations sustainable development goals

Wang, Aiyong; Olsson, Louise

doi:10.1038/s41929-019-0318-3

Cited by 94 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Despite considerable progress made in low-temperature exhaust catalysts, such as Au nanoparticles and Co 3 O 4 7 , 8 , the harsh working environment of automotive catalysts would severely deteriorate the stability of such nanocatalysts. By far, Pt is still the most widely used catalyst component in the exhaust cleaning system due to its excellent reactivity and chemical stability 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of subnanometric Pt on Cu-modified CeO2 via redox-coupled atomic layer deposition for CO oxidation

et al. 2020

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Improving the low-temperature activity (below 100 °C) and noble-metal efficiency of automotive exhaust catalysts has been a continuous effort to eliminate cold-start emissions, yet great challenges remain. Here we report a strategy to activate the low-temperature performance of Pt catalysts on Cu-modified CeO2 supports based on redox-coupled atomic layer deposition. The interfacial reducibility and structure of composite catalysts have been precisely tuned by oxide doping and accurate control of Pt size. Cu-modified CeO2-supported Pt sub-nanoclusters demonstrate a remarkable performance with an onset of CO oxidation reactivity below room temperature, which is one order of magnitude more active than atomically-dispersed Pt catalysts. The Cu-O-Ce site with activated lattice oxygen anchors deposited Pt sub-nanoclusters, leading to a moderate CO adsorption strength at the interface that facilitates the low-temperature CO oxidation performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of subnanometric Pt on Cu-modified CeO2 via redox-coupled atomic layer deposition for CO oxidation

et al. 2020

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“…NO molecules then couple to a Rh(III)(N2O2) hyponitrite intermediate from which, with participation of coordinated CO, CO2 and N2O then evolve: Rh(I)(NO)2  Rh(III)(N2O2) + CO  Rh(III)(CO)(N2O2)  Rh(I) + N2O + CO2 Rh(I) ions in 0.5 wt% Rh/Ceria sample are more active than the organometallic complexes (TOF at 100 ⁰C ~65 hr -1 per rhodium basis, approximately 50-100 times more active than organometallic samples [17][18][19][20][21][22]). However, the disadvantage is the formation of environmental pollutant N2O (laughing gas) [1] in significant amounts at low temperature: N2O amount decreases significantly above 200 ⁰C. Under real engine conditions, water is always present in the engine gas stream so we tested the activity of this sample in the presence of ~ 3% water vapor (~30,000 ppm).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improving air quality is one of the biggest challenges in the modern post-industrial society [1,2]. The worst "offenders" contributing to air pollution are NOx and CO emissions from vehicles/engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various technological advances have allowed to decrease the NO emissions from vehicles significantly relying on so-called "three-way-catalysts (TWC)" and, more recently, selectively catalytic reduction technology (SCR). [1,[3][4][5][6][7][9][10][11]32] TWC is widely used in a multitude of trucks, regular cars, motorcycles, lawnmowers and such. [1,[3][4][5][6][7] Various industrial formulations exist with Pd and Rh being the main components supported on materials with oxygen storage capacity, such as ceria, ceria-zirconia and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pushing the Limits of Precious Metal Atom Economy for Three-Way-Catalysts (TWC): Thermally Stable and Highly Active Single Rh Atom Catalysts (Rh1/ceria) Under Both Dry and Industrially Relevant Conditions for NO Abatement

Khivantsev

Vargas²,

Tian³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We show for the first time that single positively-charged Rh atoms on ceria, prepared via high-temperature atom trapping synthesis, are the highly active species for (CO+NO) reaction both under dry and wet, industrial conditions. This provides a direct link between organometallic homogeneous Rh(I) complexes capable of catalyzing dry (CO+NO) reaction and supported Rh single atoms, the latter being much more active than their homogeneous analogues. Decreasing the Rh loading from to 0.1 wt% leads to a catalyst with uniform Rh ions on the surface of ceria, which is very active (full NO conversion >120 ⁰C, TOF per Rh atom at 120 ⁰C ~ 330 hr-1) and thermodynamically stable. Under dry conditions, the main product above 100 ⁰C is N2 with N2O being the minor product. Water promotes low-temperature activity of 0.1 Rh/CeO2 starting 50 ⁰C with full NO conversion above 125 ⁰C in the wet stream. In this case, however, ammonia and nitrogen are the main products with only minor N2O amounts. NH3 formation at such relatively low temperatures is attractive because of the potential to use this as a passive SCR system. Because of the uniformity of Rh ions on the support, we are able to clarify the mechanistic aspects of this reaction. More specifically, we show that ammonia formation correlates with the WGS activity of the material and thus, rhodium hydride Rh-H species are believed to be involved in this reaction. These findings provide new mechanistic understanding for the catalytically active species in TWC catalysis and open up a new avenue for the synthesis of industrially relevant emissions control catalysts with 100% atom economy of ultra-expensive precious metals such as Rh.

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“…Urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is commonly used for removing NO x from diesel engines. 15 Despite the significant catalytic oxidation performance of DOCs, various poisoning species, e.g., alkali or alkaline earth metals (Zn, Ca, and Mg), sulfur, and phosphorus (P), are normally detected on the surface of monoliths wash coated with DOCs after long-distance driving. 12,16,17 Of these, phosphorus derived from engine oil is one of the most difficult contaminations that can permanently deactivate DOCs due to the difficulty to regenerate upon thermal treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A deactivation mechanism study of phosphorus-poisoned diesel oxidation catalysts: model and supplier catalysts

Wang

Sheti

et al. 2020

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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The impact of automotive catalysis on the United Nations sustainable development goals

Cited by 94 publications

References 27 publications

Activation of subnanometric Pt on Cu-modified CeO2 via redox-coupled atomic layer deposition for CO oxidation

Activation of subnanometric Pt on Cu-modified CeO2 via redox-coupled atomic layer deposition for CO oxidation

Pushing the Limits of Precious Metal Atom Economy for Three-Way-Catalysts (TWC): Thermally Stable and Highly Active Single Rh Atom Catalysts (Rh1/ceria) Under Both Dry and Industrially Relevant Conditions for NO Abatement

A deactivation mechanism study of phosphorus-poisoned diesel oxidation catalysts: model and supplier catalysts

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