The impact of attitudinal ambivalence on information processing and resistance to anti-smoking persuasion

Abstract

Purpose This paper aims to clarify the effect of attitudinal ambivalence on resistance to anti-smoking persuasion through information processing styles. It was hypothesized that a high smoker’s ambivalence, induced by an anti-smoking persuasive message, triggers among smokers both a reflective and a non-reflective information processing. In turn, both the information processing styles were supposed to be predictors of the resistance to anti-smoking persuasion. Design/methodology/approach An experiment and a survey were conducted on a random sample of 347 smokers in this regard. Findings The findings indicated that smokers feel ambivalent toward anti-smoking messages in print ads and tend to process them both analytically and superficially. Also, it seems that only the analytical processing triggers resistance to anti-smoking persuasion. Originality/value The author reports on the importance of attitudinal ambivalence and information processing in the resistance to anti-smoking persuasion process. The paper should be of interest to readers in the areas of health communication and social marketing. This work seems to be important to the extent that few works have highlighted the causal and linear effect of a persuasive anti-smoking message on smokers’ ambivalence, information processing and resistance to persuasion. The findings in this paper seem interesting insofar, as they show the importance of the negative emotional appeal in the ambivalence, analytical information processing and resistance triggering.

Modeling attitude ambivalence and behavioral outcomes from hotel reviews

“…Researchers mention that fakery indirectly influences consumers' behavior and develops senses of anger and offense (Akhtar et al, 2019e). Similarly, a strong feeling of conflict in consumers' attitudes develops a state of discomfort, which leads to both non-reflective and reflective behaviors (Boukamcha, 2017). We infer from these arguments that tourists' attitudinal ambivalence from contradictory hotel reviews is likely to induce a state of psychological discomfort.…”

“…Huang et al (2018) affirm that consumers' discomfort is positively related to negative word of mouth and a negative relationship with repeat purchase intentions. Individuals' psychological discomfort also evokes reflected and non-reflected attitudes, which produce negative feelings and thoughts about their behavioral intentions (Boukamcha, 2017;Çelik and Dedeo glu, 2019;. Therefore, consumers' adverse feelings of sadness, discomfort, anxiety and discomfort have a negative effect on their behavioral outcomes.…”