“…For locations all over India, attempts have been made systematically over the decades to improve the atmospheric modeling for short and medium range weather prediction of high impact weather systems, mesoscale phenomena, and the localized specific weather phenomena (Tyagi and Pattaniak, 2008;Roy Bhowmik et al, 2009, 2003Roy Bhowmik and Prasad, 2001;NCMRWF, 2006aNCMRWF, , 2006bNCMRWF, , 2008Potty et al, 2000;Mandal et al, 2004;Xavier et al, 2008;Vinod and Chandrasekar, 2006). Several field programmes, namely, MONTBLEX-90, LASPEX-97, BOBMEX, and ARMEX have been carried out in the country to improve the physics parameterization schemes and to understand the air-sea interactions (Rao Kusuma et al, 1995;Rao Kusuma, 1996;Rao Kusuma et al, 1996a, 1996bRao Kusuma, 2004a, 2004bRao Kusuma and Narasimha, 2006;Rajagopal, 2001;Rao Kusuma et al, 2001;Basu, 2001;Bhat, 2002Bhat, , 2006, which are crucial for improving weather prediction beyond 36 h. In view of the land-surface heterogeneity across the country, land-sea contrast, and due to our limited ability to make the measurements of required description, short term weather prediction has been a problem of concern even now.…”