The Impact of Archetype Patterns in Office Buildings on the Annual Cooling, Heating and Lighting Loads in Hot-Humid, Hot-Dry and Cold Climates of Iran

Abstract

Extensive cost in the building industry comes from cooling and heating to create thermal comfort. Hence, it is necessary to utilize passive solutions, in addition to suitable design, in order to reduce energy consumption. This research attempts to investigate the impact of archetype patterns in office buildings on annual energy consumption for cooling, heating and daylight loads. For this purpose, the DesignBuilder software was used to compare the forms. In this study, four conventional construction forms were considered, including the single and dense form, central courtyard buildings, U form and linear form, and each was considered with two, four and six-stories. Forms were simulated in the three cities of Bushehr, Shiraz and Tabriz, with hot-humid, hot-dry and cold climates, respectively. The results revealed that the office building with a linear form in Bushehr had the lowest energy consumption in the two and four-story forms, and also in the six-story form, the central courtyard form had the lowest energy consumption. Additionally, the central courtyard forms in Tabriz and Shiraz had the lowest energy consumption in all cases. Finally, the linear form possessed the most natural daylight through all of the studied cases for the three cities in terms of natural light gain.

A Review of Performance-Oriented Architectural Design and Optimization in the Context of Sustainability: Dividends and Challenges

“…Architects and users also appreciate integrated design (rather than support frames) to enhance the ornamental nature of the building. J. Shaeri et al [83] conducted research on prototypes of multistory office buildings in three cities. The collision between the building extension and the dominant wind direction in the city was analyzed.…”

Daylight and Architectural Simulation of the Egebjerg School (Denmark): Sustainable Features of a New Type of Skylight

“…By virtue of the above, we will be able to determine which shapes in a given situation produce adequate luminous effects, simultaneously avoiding overheating and undesired thermal responses [16]. In our humble opinion, the fight against climate change starts precisely here: in the measures implemented to control the energy use of buildings through design, avoiding as much as possible late and often doubtful additions.…”

“…Sustainability 2019, 11, 5878 4 of 14 [16]. In our humble opinion, the fight against climate change starts precisely here: in the measures implemented to control the energy use of buildings through design, avoiding as much as possible late and often doubtful additions.…”

Daylight and energy performance of side lighting systems in an office room in a subtropical climate

“…However, the need to increase the window area to improve daylighting and avoid excessive glazing to reduce cooling and heating demand causes a conflict. For the combination of natural and electric lighting to be efficient, it is necessary to select the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) properly and other factors that affect heat transfer, such as window orientation Reffat, 2018;Shaeri;Yaghoubi;Habibi;Chokhachian, 2019), room dimension and geometry Ibrahim, 2005), the characteristics and types of glazing (Fasi;Budaiwi, 2015;Taleb;Antony, 2020). Therefore, the common practice is to perform a parametric analysis of different WWR values considering the local climatic conditions and available technologies (Asfour, 2020).…”