The impact of aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction and serological test results for establishing infectious uveitis diagnosis: An Indonesian experience

Putera, Ikhwanuliman; Nora, Rina La Distia; Utami, Nunik; Karuniawati, Anis; Yasmon, Andi; Wulandari, Dewi; Edwar, Lukman; Susiyanti, Made; Aziza, Yulia; Jessica, Priscilla; Riasanti, Mei; Sitompul, Ratna

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10988

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The test was truly negative in 140 of 140 in AH in patients who underwent cataract surgery, 27,30–32 although many of them had a positive serological test for these viruses. Thus, a positive PCR test result would reliably identify patients with active intraocular viral infection, 27,31–33 strongly suggesting a causative role of the detected viruses in the observed endothelial keratitis in our patients. However, due to the rapid clearance of viral DNA in AH compared with the slow clearance in avascular corneal tissue, it would likely not identify patients, in whom infection has resolved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…30 The test was truly negative in 140 of 140 in AH in patients who underwent cataract surgery, 27,[30][31][32] although many of them had a positive serological test for these viruses. Thus, a positive PCR test result would reliably identify patients with active intraocular viral infection, 27,[31][32][33] be contaminated with host blood, either during surgery or by spontaneous bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye. This would potentially lead to a false-positive PCR test, especially in the case of CMV and EBV viremia without concomitant eye infection.…”

Section: Evidence For and Prevalence Of Herpetic Endothelial Keratiti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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PCR testing for herpesviruses in aqueous humor samples from patients with and without clinical corneal endothelial graft rejection

Abu Dail,

Daas,

Flockerzi

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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To compare prevalence of positive PCR tests for herpesviruses between patients with and without a history of clinical corneal endothelial allograft rejection (AGR). Retrospective cross‐sectional study with two‐group comparison. A total of 307 aqueous humor (AH) samples from 235 Patients and 244 eyes who underwent penetrating keratoplasty or Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty or had a diagnostic AH aspiration due to clinical AGR between 2019 and 2023 were tested for DNA of herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). PCR test results were compared between the two groups (with/without AGR). Another sub‐analysis examined the results of patients without a history of herpetic keratitis. A total of 8% of eyes with clinical AGR (9/108) had a positive PCR result for one of the herpesviruses (HSV:3, CMV:3, EBV:2, VZV:1). All patients in the group without AGR had negative PCR results for all previous viruses (0/136). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The sub‐analysis of eyes without a history of herpetic keratitis also revealed significantly more positive herpes PCR results (7/87) in eyes with AGR than in eyes without AGR (0/42, p = 0.005). Clinical AGR after keratoplasty shows a significant correlation to viral replication. Herpetic infection and AGR could occur simultaneously and act synergistically. Timely differentiation between active herpetic infection and/or AGR is pivotal for proper treatment and graft preservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Evidence For and Prevalence Of Herpetic Endothelial Keratiti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR testing for herpesviruses in aqueous humor samples from patients with and without clinical corneal endothelial graft rejection

Abu Dail,

Daas,

Flockerzi

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Currently available data on ocular tuberculosis (OTB) varies widely due to the lack of specific diagnostic criteria [7]. Prevalence of ocular tuberculosis (OTB) on a global scale is estimated to account for 4.0% (95% CI 3.0-5.0%) of all uveitis cases and isreported to be one of the leading causes of infectious uveitis, ranging from 22.9-48.0% in Indonesiaand India [8][9][10]. OTB can affect almost all parts of the eye and may cause sight-threatening complications, such as glaucoma, cataract, and cystoid macular edema in the absence of swift and appropriate treatment [11].…”

Section: Background Of the Clinical Problems 1epidemiology Of Tubercu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and biomarkers for ocular tuberculosis: From the present into the future

Ludi¹,

Sule²,

Samy³

et al. 2023

Theranostics

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Tuberculosis is an airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and can manifest both pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease, including ocular tuberculosis (OTB). Accurate diagnosis and swift optimal treatment initiation for OTB is faced by many challenges combined with the lack of standardized treatment regimens this results in uncertain OTB outcomes. The purpose of this study is to summarize existing diagnostic approaches and recently discovered biomarkers that may contribute to establishing OTB diagnosis, choice of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) regimen, and treatment monitoring. The keywords ocular tuberculosis, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium, biomarkers, molecular diagnosis, multi-omics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, T-lymphocytes profiling were searched on PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Articles and books published with at least one of the keywords were included and screened for relevance. There was no time limit for study inclusion. More emphasis was placed on recent publications that contributed new information about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, or treatment of OTB. We excluded abstracts and articles that were not written in the English language. References cited within the identified articles were used to further supplement the search. We found 10 studies evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), and 6 studies evaluating that of tuberculin skin test (TST) in OTB patients. IGRA (Sp = 71-100%, Se = 36-100%) achieves overall better sensitivity and specificity than TST (Sp = 51.1-85.7%; Se = 70.9-98.5%). For nuclear acid amplification tests (NAAT), we found 7 studies on uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with different Mtb targets, 7 studies on DNA-based multiplex PCR, 1 study on mRNA-based multiplex PCR, 4 studies on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay with different Mtb targets, 3 studies on GeneXpert assay, 1 study on GeneXpert Ultra assay and 1 study for MTBDRplus assay for OTB. Specificity is overall improved but sensitivity is highly variable for NAATs (excluding Ivyspring

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The immune response in tubercular uveitis and its implications for treatment: From anti-tubercular treatment to host-directed therapies

Putera

Schrijver

Berge

et al. 2023

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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The impact of aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction and serological test results for establishing infectious uveitis diagnosis: An Indonesian experience

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

PCR testing for herpesviruses in aqueous humor samples from patients with and without clinical corneal endothelial graft rejection

PCR testing for herpesviruses in aqueous humor samples from patients with and without clinical corneal endothelial graft rejection

Diagnosis and biomarkers for ocular tuberculosis: From the present into the future

The immune response in tubercular uveitis and its implications for treatment: From anti-tubercular treatment to host-directed therapies

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