Abstract:PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of tourists' anxiety levels regarding pandemic on their intention to travel and intention to destination visit as a reflection of risk perception.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a quantitative research design. Multivariate statistical methods were used because they predict cause and effect relationships. The data collection process was completed in 32 days between March 20 and April 20, 2020. Smart-PLS software was used for data analysis.FindingsA… Show more
“…Recently, however, health risks have gained prominence amongst tourists making travel decisions; the COVID-19 pandemic, especially, has affected the destination choices of tourists all around the world (Chua et al , 2020). Disease risks are stated as an important factor affecting the travel decisions of tourists (Page, 2009; Şengel et al , 2022). Many studies in the literature that include risk perception in the context of pandemic-tourism in TPB (e.g.…”
Section: Literature Review and Research Frameworkmentioning
PurposeIn this study, visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions towards camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during the pandemic were investigated using the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The model has been extended to include constructs such as risk perception and risk aversion attitudes that stem from COVID-19 to predict visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through an online questionnaire from 432 participants who have experience and interest in camping/glamping tourism in Turkey. The responses were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsThe findings show that besides the basic TPB structures, other added variables also significantly affect visitors' attitudes and intentions. Moreover, it has been observed that the risk perception and risk aversion attitude derived from COVID-19 increase negative emotions in visitors and decreased behavioural intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the study are discussed for future research as well as its academic and practical implications.Originality/valueThis theoretical expansion is thought to increase the theory's predictive power in predicting visitors' behaviour during the pandemic.
“…Recently, however, health risks have gained prominence amongst tourists making travel decisions; the COVID-19 pandemic, especially, has affected the destination choices of tourists all around the world (Chua et al , 2020). Disease risks are stated as an important factor affecting the travel decisions of tourists (Page, 2009; Şengel et al , 2022). Many studies in the literature that include risk perception in the context of pandemic-tourism in TPB (e.g.…”
Section: Literature Review and Research Frameworkmentioning
PurposeIn this study, visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions towards camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during the pandemic were investigated using the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The model has been extended to include constructs such as risk perception and risk aversion attitudes that stem from COVID-19 to predict visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through an online questionnaire from 432 participants who have experience and interest in camping/glamping tourism in Turkey. The responses were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsThe findings show that besides the basic TPB structures, other added variables also significantly affect visitors' attitudes and intentions. Moreover, it has been observed that the risk perception and risk aversion attitude derived from COVID-19 increase negative emotions in visitors and decreased behavioural intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the study are discussed for future research as well as its academic and practical implications.Originality/valueThis theoretical expansion is thought to increase the theory's predictive power in predicting visitors' behaviour during the pandemic.
“…At the same time, response efficacy reflects the effectiveness of recommended risk-preventive measures and response cost (Maddux and Rogers, 1983). In tourism literature, limited studies have explored PMT-based health risks linked to protective behavior while traveling or post-trip during the pandemic, specifically in the COVID-19 scenario (Novelli et al , 2018; Sengel et al , 2022; Wang et al , 2019). Further, the destination's health-risk-related preparedness, media engagement and visitors' health-risk linked protective behavior significantly affect visitors' travel behavior during COVID-19 (Fan et al , 2022).…”
Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…COVID-19 has emerged as unprecedented devastation which has caused grievous affliction to the human race globally. The pandemic has led to socio-economic, geo-political and health-safety crises (Bapuji et al , 2020; Dhillon and Kaur, 2021; Fan et al , 2022), putting at halt the operational activities of all the industries worldwide, specifically tourism (Sánchez-Cañizares et al , 2021; Sengel et al , 2022; Shukla et al ., 2022). The travel and tourism industry contributed 10.4% of the total GDP globally in 2019, which further dropped to 5.5% in 2020 due to travel restraints (WTTC, 2020).…”
PurposeThis study identifies antecedents and consequences of destination brand engagement (DBE) that have redefined the tourists' behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, it assesses the impact of social media interaction and destination authenticity on DBE and DBE's effect on tourists' willingness to pay (WTP). Further, it examines the mediating role of affective attitude and the moderating role of perceived risk between the associations of DBE and WTP.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 436 respondents through a structured questionnaire from selected tourism destinations in India. Structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) is employed to empirically examine the formulated hypotheses. Besides, hierarchical second-order confirmatory factor analysis is also deployed to analyze certain constructs as higher-order factors.FindingsSocial media interaction and destination authenticity elevate DBE, and DBE enhances affective attitude and WTP. Affective attitude mediates the relationship between DBE and WTP. Hence, the association between tourists' engagement and spending behavior becomes crucial under elevated affective attitude conditions. Finally, perceived risk during the pandemic dampens the association between DBE and WTP.Practical implicationsThe findings may provide newer insights to the tourism companies, marketers and policymakers to create targeted strategies to minimize the risk perception and improve engagement levels of the tourists, which can yield economic returns in the long run.Originality/valueBased on the cues from protection motivation theory (PMT), this study develops a DBE framework and identifies the factors affecting its sustenance in the pandemic hit tourism sector. Further, suggesting implications to ensure safety measures in the tourism industry that may assist in establishing economic resilience.
“…The affective component concerns empathy or feelings such as joy, enthusiasm, or aversion. People's motivations for traveling are influenced by these feelings, which affect their perceptions of the destination (Rasoolimanesh et al, 2022). Because the behavioral dimension of the destination image is comparable to visit intention, the conative feature may be overlooked in certain studies.…”
Section: Intention To Visit Among Touristsmentioning
PurposeThis paper aims to explore the influence of e-reputation, destination image and social media marketing efforts (SMME) on the intention to visit among tourists. The relationships are examined through the lens of the stimuli-organism-response (S-O-R) theory.Design/methodology/approachThe responses were recorded from 209 domestic and international tourists who stayed in five-star hotels at Khajuraho, a UNESCO world heritage site in India. PLS-SEM was used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe findings revealed a significant positive relationship between SMME, e-reputation and destination image. The results also indicated that destination image fully mediated the relationship between e-reputation, destination image, SMME and visit intention.Practical implicationsThe research would enables tourism organizations to develop strategies and reap benefit from the information posted and shared by tourists on various social media platforms and gain a competitive edge over competitors.Originality/valueTesting the relationship between e-reputation and destination image as a mediator between SMME and intention to visit is a relatively novel idea. Previously, no attempt had been made to measure the influence of e-reputation related to destination image and intention to visit as supported by the S-O-R theory. This study provides empirical information on destination image and e-reputation building and the role of social media. It helps tourism managers create social media marketing strategies.
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