The Impact of Ancient Landscape Changes on the City Arrangement of the Early Shang Dynasty Capital Zhengzhou, Central China

Chen, Panpan; Lü, Peng; Yang, Shugang; Storozum, Michael; Yang, Ruixia; Yi, Tian; Wang, Hui; Wu, Qian; Xu, Jun; Wang, Xia; Yan, Lijie; Hongjuan, Zhai

doi:10.3389/feart.2021.656193

Cited by 2 publications

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References 14 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Geomorphology, hydrology, vegetation, and the cultural landscape of the Yellow River can be examined and reconstructed through critical evaluation and contestation of paleoenvironmental and archaeological data (Colin & Paul, 2015; H. Zhang, 2010). Additionally, three‐dimensional (3D) modeling also plays an increasingly essential role in recording spatial information and detailed reconstruction of natural and cultural landscape in alluvial settings such as the Yellow River valleys, where archaeological sites are often covered by thick alluviums (P. Chen et al, 2021; Garrison et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D modeling of the impact of ancient Yellow River floods on urban landscapes: A new look at the late imperial landscape at the Shuntianmen Site of Kaifeng City, Henan Province, China

et al. 2022

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Floods had a massive impact on the development of ancient cities around the world and understanding this phenomenon constitutes an essential part of the history of long‐term and dynamic human–environment interactions. There remains, however, an enormous challenge in identifying records of ancient floods in urban environments due to various sedimentation and postdepositional processes that often remove, erase, and alter such environmental records. During archaeological excavations in the famous historic city of Kaifeng, we identified records of two historical floods at the Shuntianmen site. Related stratums were carefully studied, from which dating and sediment samples were collected. These excavated stratums were also scanned to obtain digital data for modeling. Combining these data, we then applied three‐dimensional modeling to reconstruct the evolution of the natural and cultural landscape of the site since the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127 AD), which was not possible in previous studies due to the deep burial of archaeological strata. Our results indicate that the two floods occurred during the late Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 AD) and the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912 AD), respectively. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Shuntianmen was an important part of Kaifeng, which was, at that time, the capital of China and one of the largest cities in the world. Later, during the Yuan and Ming dynasties, Shuntianmen became a suburban settlement situated along various traffic routes. During the Qing Dynasty, the area became a small village. Subsequently, the area was completely abandoned and deserted until modern Kaifeng, which was built at the same place. The evolution of the regional landscape is the direct result of the interaction between the natural environment and human activities, among which the precarious alluvial processes of the Yellow River were playing an increasingly vital role. Over the centuries, the Yellow River floods, warfare, and wind‐blown sand accumulation reduced the Kaifeng region from a prosperous capital to a comparatively deserted area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang, 2010). Additionally, three-dimensional (3D) modeling also plays an increasingly essential role in recording spatial information and detailed reconstruction of natural and cultural landscape in alluvial settings such as the Yellow River valleys, where archaeological sites are often covered by thick alluviums (P. Chen et al, 2021;Garrison et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

3D modeling of the impact of ancient Yellow River floods on urban landscapes: A new look at the late imperial landscape at the Shuntianmen Site of Kaifeng City, Henan Province, China

et al. 2022

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Risk assessment of city site landscapes in the central plains of China

Yang

Yan

et al. 2023

Herit Sci

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Scientific cognition and assessment of threats to cultural heritage and surrounding landscapes are prerequisites for targeted management and protection of cultural heritage. This study took 530 city sites in the Central Plains of China as the research object. Based on the survey information of city sites in the third national cultural heritage survey in China, a combination of high resolution google images and land use/land cover data products and city sites survey data enables a comprehensive evaluation of landscape elements impacts on city sites. With spatial statistical method, we divided city site landscape types, and constructed a landscape element risk assessment model and an urbanization intensity index to analyze the threats of each landscape element to city site protection. The results indicated that 40.64% of the sites are in farmland landscapes, where agricultural cultivation, irrigation, and other production activities may affect the surface and subsurface remains of the sites. The sites (16.82%) in urban landscapes are affected by activities such as building houses and roads. Only six sites belong to the water landscape area, which may be affected by water erosion. Other sites (2.84%) are mainly affected by plant root growth in forest landscapes. The city sites distributed in urban areas such as Zhengzhou or the urban–rural junction were significantly affected by urban expansion and got the greatest protection pressure. City sites in agricultural landscapes have the second highest conservation risk. Plant erosion and flooding mainly affected the city sites in the northwest-southwest mountainous areas or near the water area of the study area, and the risks were relatively small. It can be seen that landscape types such as urban and farmland, which are closely related to human activities, bring the most pressure to the protection of city sites, and it is necessary to focus on the impact of human activities such as urban construction on city sites and the surrounding environment in the future, while paying attention to the protection and rational use of city sites with high assessment risk in urban planning and management for the protection of the city site proper and landscape scenery.

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The Impact of Ancient Landscape Changes on the City Arrangement of the Early Shang Dynasty Capital Zhengzhou, Central China

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

3D modeling of the impact of ancient Yellow River floods on urban landscapes: A new look at the late imperial landscape at the Shuntianmen Site of Kaifeng City, Henan Province, China

3D modeling of the impact of ancient Yellow River floods on urban landscapes: A new look at the late imperial landscape at the Shuntianmen Site of Kaifeng City, Henan Province, China

Risk assessment of city site landscapes in the central plains of China

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