The Impact of an Aquatic Exercise Protocol on Physiologic Measures Within an Asthmatic Population

Exercise Training Programs Improve Cardiorespiratory and Functional Fitness in Adults With Asthma

“…Publication year ranged from 198337 to 2021 56,74,75. Studies were conducted in 18 different countries, with 21% of studies conducted in Brazil (n = 8)21,38,41,47,68,69,72,73,75 and a further 10% conducted in the United States (n = 4)36,44,45,70,71 and the Netherlands (n = 4) 56,57,61,78. Asthma was diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria79 in 36% of studies (n = 14) 38,41,43,47,50,52,56,57,59,68,69,72,73,75.…”

“…Data were extracted from the 39 studies (see Supplemental Digital Content 2, available at: http://links.lww.com/ JCRP/A386) of which there were 18 RCTs (46%), 21,36-38, 40,41,43,44,53,55,56,58,65,68,69,72-76 one randomized cross-over trial (3%), 60 four quasi-/pseudo-RCTs (10%), 48,54,62,63,77 six non-RCTs (15%), 42,45,47,51,52,78 and 10 pre-post-experimental studies (26%). 35,39,46,49,50,57,59,60,67,70,71 Publication year ranged from 1983 37 to 2021. 56,74,75 Studies were conducted in 18 different countries, with 21% of studies conducted in Brazil (n = 8) 21,38,41,47,68,69,72,73,75 and a further 10% conducted in the United States (n = 4) 36,44,45,70,71 and the Netherlands (n = 4).…”

“…21,38,41,43,55,56,68,69,[72][73][74][75] Twelve studies (31%) scored as fair quality 37,44,45,47,48,53,54,58,[61][62][63][64]66,76 and 17 (44%) scored as poor quality. 35,36,39,40,42,46,[49][50][51][52]57,59,60,64,67,70,71,77,78 Of the 23 studies that had a randomized or quasi-randomized design, nine (39%) were deemed to be good quality, 21,38,41,43,55,56,6...…”

“…38,41,43,47,50,52,56,57,59,68,69,72,73,75 Many studies used a combination of diagnostic criteria including the American Thoracic Society guidelines (n = 5), 48,64,65,74,78 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines (n = 2), 36,45 British Thoracic Society guidelines (n = 1), 76 and lung function testing (n = 11, 28% of studies) (ie, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec or peak expiratory flow). 36,37,44,46,48,51,54,58,61,[64][65][66][67] Other criteria considered included current medical prescription (n = 6), 37,38,47,59,62,63,70,71 skin prick test (n = 2), 40,53 and/or diagnosis was made by a respiratory physician (n = 7). 36,48-50, 53,58,70,71 Asthma severity varied considerably between studies.…”

“…39,49,52,77 Twenty studies 36,37,40,41,[46][47][48][53][54][55][56][58][59][60][64][65][66][67]70,73 reported having a warm-up, which was most commonly 5 min. 36,41,46,47,54,59,73 Thirteen studies reported performing a cool-down, 36,41,46,47,54,56,60,62,[64][65][66][67]70,71,73 which was most commonly 5 min. 36,41,46,47,54,56,…”