The impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on social determinants among Saudi adults

Almuneef, Maha; ElChoueiry, Nathalie; Saleheen, Hassan; Alenezi, Shuliweeh

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdx177

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For women, there is no evidence about the relationship between exposure to collective violence and tobacco use. However, the Saudi ELA study showed that exposure to four or more ELAs increased the risk for tobacco use for females more than for males (Almuneef, ElChoueiry, Saleheen, & Al‐Eissa, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to community and collective violence during childhood and tobacco use patterns among young adults in Tunisia

Mhamdi

Lemieux

Salah

et al. 2018

Health Soc Care Community

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Accumulating evidence demonstrates that experiencing intrafamilial adversities (abuse, neglect and household dysfunction) during childhood is linked to addictive behaviours. However, the impact of social adversities (peer, community and collective violence) as well as gender, on tobacco initiation and dependence has received much less attention. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between social childhood adversities and tobacco use patterns by gender among young adults in Tunisia. We performed a cross-sectional study from May to December, 2014 on 1,200 respondents using the validated Arabic version of the World Health Organization Adverse Childhood Experiences-International questionnaire (WHO ACE-IQ). Data on smoking characteristics among current smokers were also collected. Data analysis was performed using logistic and linear regression models. The rate of current tobacco use was significantly higher for males (43.9%) than for females (9.3%). Female and male respondents differed significantly on almost every examined adversity. Males were more likely to have experienced all types of social violence than females. The odds of tobacco use were significantly higher regardless the mental health status and the occurrence of intrafamilial early life adversity for both genders. Smokers exposed to social violence during childhood had a strong association between nicotine dependence and the overall burden of adversity. That is, 74 and 58% of nicotine dependence was explained by the number of childhood social adversities in females and males respectively. The findings underscore the role of community and collective violence in addictive behaviours among young adults. Multisectorial and population-based strategies are needed to minimise the occurrence of social early life adversity and related tobacco patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to community and collective violence during childhood and tobacco use patterns among young adults in Tunisia

Mhamdi

Lemieux

Salah

et al. 2018

Health Soc Care Community

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“…There were four studies in the USA [47][48][49][50], three in the UK [51][52][53], two in Hong Kong [54][55] two in Taiwan [56][57], and two in Germany [58,59]. There was one study in Denmark [60], the Netherlands [61], Switzerland [62], Japan [63], Suriname [64], Saudi Arabia [65], Israel [66], South Africa [67], and Hungary [68]. In the Balkans study [46], eight met eligibility criteria based on the number of types of maltreatment studied: Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia, Greece, Romania, and Serbia; in general for our purposes, we treat these as one study.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen studies measured all five maltreatment types [47][48][49][50][51]53,[56][57]61,[64][65][66][67][68]. Of nine studies measuring four maltreatment types, seven omitted EDV [46,52,[58][59][60][62][63], and two omitted sexual abuse [54][55].…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only nine studies explored all five types of maltreatment across childhood, defined as aged under 18 [48][49][50]53,[64][65][66][67][68]. These studies occurred in seven countries (USA, UK, Suriname, Saudi Arabia, Israel, South Africa and Hungary), and only three involved a sample of adults providing data about experiences over their entire childhood [53,65,68]. Four studies in Germany, the UK and Japan obtained information from adults about all maltreatment across childhood except EDV [52,[58][59]63].…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving measurement of child abuse and neglect: A systematic review and analysis of national prevalence studies

et al. 2020

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Objectives Child maltreatment through physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and exposure to domestic violence, causes substantial adverse health, educational and behavioural consequences through the lifespan. The generation of reliable data on the prevalence and characteristics of child maltreatment in nationwide populations is essential to plan and evaluate public health interventions to reduce maltreatment. Measurement of child maltreatment must overcome numerous methodological challenges. Little is known to date about the extent, nature and methodological quality of these national studies. This study aimed to systematically review the most comprehensive national studies of the prevalence of child maltreatment, and critically appraise their methodologies to help inform the design of future studies. Methods Guided by PRISMA and following a published protocol, we searched 22 databases from inception to 31 May 2019 to identify nationwide studies of the prevalence of either all five or at least four forms of child maltreatment. We conducted a formal quality assessment and critical analysis of study design. Results This review identified 30 national prevalence studies of all five or at least four forms of child maltreatment, in 22 countries. While sound approaches are available for different settings, methodologies varied widely in nature and robustness. Some instruments are more reliable and obtain more detailed and useful information about the characteristics of the maltreatment, including its nature, frequency, and the relationship between the child and the person

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“…This has enabled studies comparing ACE footprints, with the particular profile of countries differing, mainly due to the combination effects of socio economic conditions and cultural traditions (Bellis et al, 2014). For example, whilst ACE studies in western industrialised countries indicate that around 15% of the population have an ACE score of four or more (a level, which is rather arbitrarily regarded as clinical), Saudi Arabia has 29% of its population at this level (Almuneef et al, 2017). How ACE national profile scores are comprised also features significant variation, with for example, much higher numbers of citizens in the US receiving prison sentences than is the case in European countries (Bellis et al, 2014).…”

Section: The Development Of Ace Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Beyond Signs of Safety; Reimagining the Organisation and Practice of Social Work with Children and Families

Spratt

Devaney

Frederick

2019

The British Journal of Social Work

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While an adverse childhood experience (ACE)-informed approach to child protection and welfare has become influential in USA, it has had markedly less influence in UK, this despite growth in adoption of ACE research as a basis for understanding population needs and aligning service delivery amongst policymakers and other professional groups. In this article, we note the development of ACE research and draw out implications for social work with children and families. We argue that current organisational and practice preoccupations, drawing on the example of the Signs of Safety programme, together with antipathy to ACEs in some quarters of the social work academy, have the effect of reifying a short-term and occluded view of the developing child’s needs so as to obstruct the systemic analysis and changes necessary to ensure that the child welfare system is redesigned to meet such needs. This suggests that post-Kempe era child welfare services are no longer conceptually or systemically adequate to protect children beyond immediate safety outcomes and consequently we need to reimagine their future.

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The impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on social determinants among Saudi adults

Abstract: ACEs are highly prevalent in SA and have significant negative impact on life opportunities. National preventive programs should be implemented to reduce ACE and their deleterious outcomes.

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Exposure to community and collective violence during childhood and tobacco use patterns among young adults in Tunisia

Exposure to community and collective violence during childhood and tobacco use patterns among young adults in Tunisia

Improving measurement of child abuse and neglect: A systematic review and analysis of national prevalence studies

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Beyond Signs of Safety; Reimagining the Organisation and Practice of Social Work with Children and Families

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