The Impact of a Pricing Policy Change on Retail Prices of Medicines in Egypt

Mohamed, Omneya; Kreling, David H.

doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2016.04.004

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In 2009, Egypt adopted a new pricing method based on the lowest retail price in any country of the world (external reference pricing), but this has led to both price increases and decreases without substantive implications on affordability ( Mohamed and Kreling, 2016 ). Calls have been made to encourage countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, including Egypt, to move forward in their pricing policies beyond external reference pricing, and introduce value assessment mechanisms ( Kanavos et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutionalizing health technology assessment in Egypt: Situational analysis and roadmap

et al. 2022

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Objective: To conduct a situational analysis with the aim to inform future health technology assessment efforts (HTA) in Egypt.Introduction: The Egyptian government has set universal health coverage as a 2030 target. Several agencies have been created in the context of the ongoing healthcare reform. The Egyptian Authority for Unified Procurement, Medical Supply and the Management of Medical Technology (UPA) is one of them and was established to support strategic procurement using HTA.Methods: Description of the development of HTA in Egypt supported by a literature search as part of a scoping exercise, and a stakeholder analysis and identification of HTA capacity survey, based on previous surveys, with relevant stakeholders conducted in 2022. This was followed by a stakeholder event where results were shared and further contextualized.Results: The UPA is expected to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of health technologies and public health programs. The HTA process is being developed, focusing on the assessment of the value of new pharmaceuticals being introduced to the Egyptian market. A total of 16 participants responded on behalf of their organizations to the stakeholder analysis and identification of HTA capacity survey. More than 80% of the respondents were familiar with current efforts conducted by UPA and strongly support the implementation of HTA in Egypt. Transparency was highlighted as an important criterion. Over 90% of the respondents mentioned economic analyses as an HTA product being developed in Egypt, and medicines were the type of technology that stakeholders ranked as first in the rank of health technologies that need the output from HTA urgently. Capability building and training were highlighted as areas in which further support is required.Conclusion: This study represents the first attempt to describe the current path for HTA in Egypt. There seems to be momentum in Egypt to proceed and advance with HTA institutionalization. It would be important that next steps are built on the skills and capabilities already in place in Egypt, ensure methods and processes are in place and up to date and involve the wider system in Egypt so stakeholders can appropriately contribute and participate in the HTA process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutionalizing health technology assessment in Egypt: Situational analysis and roadmap

et al. 2022

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“…The regulation of prices has been used in other countries and it has been evaluated in the literature [9][10][11][12]. A similar work was developed by Lauenroth and Stargardt, who studied pharmaceutical pricing in Germany [13] and in Egypt [14]. The model evaluates the effect of changing the medicine prices.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A simulation model to evaluate pharmaceutical supply chain costs in hospitals: the case of a Colombian hospital

Franco

2018

DARU J Pharm Sci

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Background Healthcare costs is one of the most studied issue in our days because of increasing demand and the aging of population. Final costs of medicines is one of the most important issue in patient treatment and determine its real value is an important task within hospitals. Simulation models and in this case system dynamics allows to build representations of reality considering the interaction of the whole variables that affect the system where first a causal loop diagram allows to represent and identify the interaction between variables for develop a stock flow diagram to determine the final results. Objective Develop a simulation model that allows decision makers in Hospitals and Governments to identify the variables that affect the final cost of medicines and to determine the legal reimbursement allowed by national agencies. Methods This paper presents a conceptual modeling framework using a causal loop diagram and a dynamic simulation model in the real case of a hospital in Colombia to explore how different internal charges for medicines affect the behavior of the final unitdose cost of medicines, considering the complexity of the pharmaceutical system. We developed a simulation model to represent and characterize the pharmaceutical supply chain in a hospital and by using real data we validate the results of the model and conclude about the supply chain of medicines in Colombia using the legal regulations as a main factor of analysis. Results and conclusions We found that in some cases the maximum reimbursement value is less than the final cost of medicines within the hospital, which means that hospitals lose money on the administration of medicines to patients. The benefit of this model is that with the result the hospital can determine the real final monetary value of medicines, including the different processes starting from the reception of the medicines, ending with the administration to patients.

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“…According to the draft Human Rights Council (HRC) resolution globally, for millions of people the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health remains a distant goal (SAEZ C, 2016). For example in Egypt the pricing policy change resulted in both price decreases and increases without substantive implications on affordability (Mohamed and Kreling, 2016).…”

Section: Effect Of Pricing Policy On the Cost Of Medicinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of international approaches to medicine price regulation and control: A scoping review

et al. 2017

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Background:The access to affordable medicines is counted as a challenge, despite international measures taken towards cost containment and price regulation. Objective: To identify and review the literature on international approaches related to medicine price regulation, control, and its effectiveness. Methods: In this scoping review, peer-reviewed research and review articles, discussion papers, public documents relating to medicine pricing policies were reviewed. The search strategy was structured according to STARLITE principles. The key search terms and phrases were "medicine prices", "causes of high medicine prices", " approaches towards medicine prices control", "national medicine policies", "international approaches towards medicine price control", "containment policies", and "effects of pricing policy on medicine". Results: Medicine pricing and price regulation policies were drafted and implemented with no optimal results and things don't seem to have improved much and remain as the distant goal. These policies were either less comprehensive, outdated and fell short in implementation especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to lack of funding, infrastructure or trained professional task force. Overall, none of the policy options was preferred. Multi-pronged policy options crafted in local context are required to tackle the issue. Conclusion: The authors identify gaps in the literature and propose advanced research in the area to strengthen the healthcare system by improving medicine pricing system in each country.

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The Impact of a Pricing Policy Change on Retail Prices of Medicines in Egypt

Abstract: The policy change resulted in both price decreases and increases without substantive implications on affordability.

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Institutionalizing health technology assessment in Egypt: Situational analysis and roadmap

Institutionalizing health technology assessment in Egypt: Situational analysis and roadmap

A simulation model to evaluate pharmaceutical supply chain costs in hospitals: the case of a Colombian hospital

Efficacy of international approaches to medicine price regulation and control: A scoping review

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