The Impact of a Mild Sub-Critical Hydrothermal  Carbonization Pretreatment on Umbila Wood.  A Mass and Energy Balance Perspective

Cuvilas, Carlos Alberto; Kantarelis, Efthymios; Yang, Weihong

doi:10.3390/en8032165

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These observed differences can be attributed to differences in reaction severity, since the mass yield in a thermochemical process indicates reaction severity. Consequently, higher temperature promotes biomass decomposition, accompanied by the elimination of carboxyl, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, producing CO 2 , CO and H 2 O [ 34 , 35 ]. At 255 and 270°C, the mass yield above a B/W ratio of 0.18 was higher than that at a B/W ratio of 0.1, due to either (i) the reaction severity decreasing above a B/W ratio of 0.18, resulting in higher mass yield, or (ii) the mass yield increasing due to physical deposition or chemical bonding of degraded substances on the hydrochar surface, although the reaction severity remains essentially stable above a B/W ratio of 0.18.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from the ultimate analyses were used to plot the van Krevelen diagram ( Fig 6 ), which provides general information about the quality and type of fuel and alterations in biomass composition. A fuel with low atomic ratios of O/C and H/C is highly preferred because it produces less smoke, water vapour, and energy loss during combustion [ 17 , 35 , 42 ]. The diagram showed that the degree of coalification of the hydrochars increased as the temperature and B/W ratio increased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of the fuel properties of dairy manure by increasing the biomass-to-water ratio in hydrothermal carbonization

Aliyu

Iwabuchi

Itoh³

2022

PLoS ONE

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There are many advantages to liquid-based hydrothermal carbonization (L-HTC) but the need to immerse the biomass in water generates more post-process water, hindering the commercialisation of HTC. To address this issue, this study investigated the feasibility of vapour-based HTC (V-HTC), which minimizes the water required. Dairy manure was hydrothermally treated at temperatures of 200, 230, 255 and 270°C and biomass-to-water ratios (B/W) of 0.1, 0.18, 0.25, 0.43, 0.67 and 1.0 for 20 minutes, then the produced hydrochars were characterized by calorific, proximate, ultimate and thermogravimetric analyses. The results showed that the mass yields of hydrochar decreased with increasing temperature but were essentially stable at high B/W ratios. Notably, the calorific values of the hydrochars increased with increasing temperature and B/W ratio, and the energy density increased by 46%. Due to the higher mass yield and increased energy density, maximum energy yields at each temperature (86.0–97.4%) were observed at a B/W ratio of 1.0. The proximate and ultimate analyses revealed that the degree of coalification, such as the increase in carbon content and decrease in oxygen and volatile matter, progressed more under V-HTC than L-HTC conditions, likely because the lower liquid content in V-HTC facilitates the formation of secondary char and increases the reaction severity due to higher acidity. This study showed a potential approach for upgrading a semi-solid-state biomass by V-HTC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the fuel properties of dairy manure by increasing the biomass-to-water ratio in hydrothermal carbonization

Aliyu

Iwabuchi

Itoh³

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…Endothermic behavior is largely involved in the initial reactions taking place and relies on the external heating of the reactor [1]. Over time, the procedure shifts from endothermic to exothermic with increased residence time of the feedstock [29]. Mass and energy balances of the overall process can be developed by analyzing the mass percentages and compositions of initial feedstock and comparing to the solid hydrochar yield, aqueous products, and gas products.…”

Section: Mass and Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review

2022

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) continues to gain recognition over other valorization techniques for organic and biomass residue in recent research. The hydrochar product of HTC can be effectively produced from various sustainable resources and has been shown to have impressive potential for a wide range of applications. As industries work to adapt the implementation of HTC over large processes, the need for reliable models that can be referred to for predictions and optimization studies are becoming imperative. Although much of the available research relating to HTC has worked on the modeling area, a large gap remains in developing advanced computational models that can better describe the complex mechanisms, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics that take place in the reactor of the process. This review aims to highlight the importance of expanding the research relating to computational modeling for HTC conversion of biomass. It identifies six research areas that are recommended to be further examined for contributing to necessary advancements that need to be made for large-scale and continuous HTC operations. The six areas that are identified for further investigation are variable feedstock compositions, heat of exothermic reactions, type of reactor and scale-up, consideration of pre-pressurization, consideration of the heat-up period, and porosity of feedstock. Addressing these areas in future HTC modeling efforts will greatly help with commercialization of this promising technology.

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“…The van Krevelen diagram can provide some insight into the type and quality of fuel and the reflection in the alteration of biomass composition. A fuel with a lower O/C and H/C atomic ratio is highly preferred due to its decreased smoke, water vapour and energy losses experienced during combustion [38][39][40].…”

Section: Van Krevelen Diagram For the Raw Samples And The Hydrocharsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading the fuel properties of hydrochar by co-hydrothermal carbonisation of dairy manure and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi): product characterisation, thermal behaviour, kinetics and thermodynamic properties

Aliyu

Iwabuchi

Itoh³

2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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This study investigated co-hydrothermal carbonisation (co-HTC) of dairy manure (DM) and wood shavings from Larix kaempferi, commonly known as the Japanese larch (JL) to enhance the fuel properties of the resulting hydrochar. The JL was mixed with the DM at 25, 50 and 75 wt.% ratios. Co-HTC was conducted at 260 °C for 20 min. The resulting hydrochars were characterised based on the physicochemical properties and the thermal behaviour. Results showed that the hydrochar solid biofuel properties improved as the ratio of JL was increased. The produced hydrochars were in the region of lignite and closed to the region of the coal with increased fixed carbon, carbon contents and lowered H/C and O/C ratios. Hydrochar with ash content of 7.2 ± 0.5% was obtained at 75 wt.% JL. In addition, the HHV of hydrochar increased remarkably to 26.4 ± 0.02 MJ/kg as the mass ratio of the JL was increased. The surface morphology of the hydrochars were altered and became distinct while the specific surface area (SSA) and the total pore volume (TPV) of the hydrochars increased at increasing the mass ratio of the JL. The surface functional groups were also altered by the co-HTC process. A decline in the combustion performance was observed after the HTC process but improved at 75 wt.% JL after the co-HTC process. The kinetic analysis also revealed that the activation energy decreased after the HTC process but increased to a higher value at 50 wt.% JL after the co-HTC process. Therefore, hydrochar production by co-HTC of DM and JL has proved to be an effective and promising solid biofuel source. Graphical abstract

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The Impact of a Mild Sub-Critical Hydrothermal Carbonization Pretreatment on Umbila Wood. A Mass and Energy Balance Perspective

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Improvement of the fuel properties of dairy manure by increasing the biomass-to-water ratio in hydrothermal carbonization

Improvement of the fuel properties of dairy manure by increasing the biomass-to-water ratio in hydrothermal carbonization

Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review

Upgrading the fuel properties of hydrochar by co-hydrothermal carbonisation of dairy manure and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi): product characterisation, thermal behaviour, kinetics and thermodynamic properties

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