The Impact of a Customs Union with the European Union on Internal Migration in Turkey

Abstract

The impact of the recent Customs Union (CU) agreement between Turkey and the European Union on internal migration is studied using an intra-industry trade Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with intersectoral capital mobility under two alternative specifications for the labor market: the traditional Harris-Todaro approach and the existence of a "wage curve" in the urban sector. Under both specifications, the numerical results show that the CU is welfare enhancing and causes a reduction of the urban-rural wage gap as suggested by theoretical studies. At the same time, it leads to rural-to-urban migration and raises the capital rent, results that are counter intuitive with respect to the dual economy literature. Furthermore, the rise in formal labor demand and the migration response to the CU have not resulted in an increase in urban unemployment (i.e. the "Todaro paradox"), but rather to a fall in the unemployment pool. The study also shows that the Bhagwati-Srinivasan proposal of maximizing welfare by uniformly subsidizing the entire labor market is impracticable, especially if the high wage union sector can negotiate employment conditions. Copyright Blackwell Publishing, Inc 2003

Theoretical Knowledge Levels and Behavioral Trends Of Law and Justice Course Of Secondary School Students In The Context Of The Migration Situation and The Cause Of Migration

“…Türkiye'de içgöçler sanayi alanında büyük yenilik ve devrimlerin gerçekleşmesi ile birlikte 1950'li yıllardan sonra önceki yıllara nazaran artış göstermeye başlamış ve önceden de belirtildiği gibi ülkenin başta Doğu Karadeniz olmak üzere, doğu ve güneydoğusundan batı ve güney bölgelerine doğru ciddi bir insan yönelimi yaşanmıştır. 1990'lı yıllarda ise Türkiye'nin Doğu ve Güneydoğu bölgelerinde yaşanan terör olaylarından kaynaklı ciddi güvenlik kaygıları bu bölgeden batı ve güney bölgelerine yapılan iç göçü hızlandırmıştır (De Santis, 2003;Yüksel vd., 2016: 42). Şüphesiz Türkiye'de meydana gelen bu iç göçün nedenlerini Wood (1994), yaptığı iç göç sınıflandırması gibi de gönüllü ve zorunlu nedenler olarak sınıflandırmıştır.…”

Revising the Harris-Todaro framework to model labour migration from the Canadian Northern frontier

“…Some later work used the HT model to study migration processes in the USA (Suits 1985), within the European Union (Barry 2003) and between EU and developing countries such as Turkey (De Santis 2003). These studies showed that the HT approach may have universal applications, if conditions and factors of labour migration are similar to those assumed in the model.…”