The Impact of a Crime Wave: Perceptions, Fear, and Confidence in the Police

Baker, Mary Holland; Nienstedt, Barbara C.; Everett, Ronald S.; McCleary, Richard

doi:10.2307/3053350

Cited by 69 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Further, fear of and perceived vulnerability to crime has been found to be influenced by media coverage of crime. [54][55][56][57][58][59][60] Thus, media coverage of homicide but less often robbery and assault may result in a greater awareness of and perceived vulnerability to area homicide compared to those other crimes and partly explain our finding that only homicide was associated with later stage at diagnosis. Unfortunately, we are unable to test these ideas with our data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Mammography Facility Locations and Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis in Chicago

et al. 2008

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In the United States, despite substantial investment in public health initiatives to promote early detection of breast cancer through screening mammography, the proportion of female breast cancers that have advanced beyond the localized stage by the time of diagnosis remains high. Our objective in this exploratory study was to investigate whether stage of breast cancer at diagnosis among Chicago residents is associated with characteristics of the neighborhoods in which proximate mammography facilities are located. Those characteristics may influence likelihood of utilizing the service routinely and partly explain differences in stage at diagnosis. We used a retrospective cohort design and combined 3 years of data from the Illinois State Cancer Registry (ISCR) with information on locations of mammography facilities, public transportation service, crime, and area demographic and economic characteristics. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), we identified the five facilities located nearest to each case's residence. Estimates of the association between characteristics of mammography facility locations and breast cancer stage at diagnosis were obtained using the partial proportional odds regression model. We found that the number of homicides in areas in which the nearest mammography facilities were located was associated with increased odds of later stage diagnosis. This effect was independent of age, race, and residential area education and income. We found no effect on stage of distance, public transportation service, or measures of neighborhood social similarity. The "spatial dynamics" of health may involve geographies beyond the immediate neighborhood. The results of our study suggest that areas in which the nearest mammography facilities are located may be one such geography. We hope that this study will spark research interest in the impact of health service locations on utilization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Mammography Facility Locations and Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis in Chicago

et al. 2008

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“…Perceived neighborhood quality was assessed using three questions. The first two questions were adapted from the scale of perceived neighborhood disorders developed by Ross and Mirowsky [ 30 ], and the other was the fear of crime question developed by Baker et al [ 42 ]. Each question assessed individual perception of noise, fear of crime and vandalism in the neighborhood: “How often do you experience noise from neighbors, traffic or other sources in your neighborhood (noise)?” “How often do you feel unsafe when you walk alone in your neighborhood (fear of crime)?” and “How often do you see vandalism in your neighborhood such as damaged property (vandalism)?” The possible scores for each question ranged from never [1], seldom [2], sometimes [3], regularly [4], and often [5].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where You Live May Make You Old: The Association between Perceived Poor Neighborhood Quality and Leukocyte Telomere Length

et al. 2015

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BackgroundStrong evidence supports that living in disadvantaged neighborhoods has direct unfavorable impact on mental and physical health. However, whether it also has direct impact on cellular health is largely unknown. Thus we examined whether neighborhood quality was associated with leukocyte telomere length, an indicator of cellular aging.MethodsIn May 2014, we extracted and analyzed baseline data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), a large epidemiological study of individuals age between 18–65 years (n=2902). Telomere length was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Neighborhood quality was assessed using modified measures of perceived neighborhood disorder, fear of crime, and noise. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine association between perceived neighborhood quality and telomere length with comprehensive adjustment for individual and community characteristics related to socioeconomic and demographic status, urbanization level, mental and physical health, and lifestyle.ResultsCompared to individuals who reported good neighborhood quality, the mean telomere length of those who reported moderate neighborhood quality was approximately 69 base pair shorter (β =-69.33, 95% CI: -119.49, -19.17, p= 0.007), and that of those who reported poor neighborhood quality were 174 base pair shorter (β =-173.80, 95% CI: -298.80, -49.01, p=0.006). For illustrative purposes, one could extrapolate these outcomes to 8.7 and 11.9 years in chronological age, respectively.ConclusionWe have established an association between perceived neighborhood quality and cellular aging over and above a range of individual attributes. Biological aging processes may be impacted by socioeconomic milieu.

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“…It stands to reason that an actual victim of crime would not evaluate the police well (Dean 1980); however, a respondent who simply perceives insecurity might also evaluate the police poorly. Indeed, insecurity and fear of crime often have more to do with perceptions than objective crime rates (Baker et al 1983). It is also common to distinguish between egocentric evaluations, in this case based on one's perception of how she or he is personally affected by violence, and sociotropic evaluations, based on one's perception of how the community as a whole is affected.…”

Section: Explaining Variation In Citizen Evaluations Of the Policementioning

confidence: 99%

Corruption or Insecurity? Understanding Dissatisfaction with Mexico’s Police

Sabet¹

2013

Lat. Am. polit. soc.

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Since at least 2005, Mexico has confronted a severe security crisis that threatens to undermine its rule of law and democracy. An effective police response has been hindered by frustrated citizens who do not report crime, come forward with information, serve as witnesses, or support their police. This foments a vicious cycle whereby insecurity and corruption foster dissatisfaction, which yields further insecurity and corruption. Breaking this cycle requires a better understanding of why citizens are dissatisfied with their police. One view holds that discontent is due to police corruption, but a somewhat rival perspective contends that citizens are primarily concerned with security outcomes. This study uses comparative survey data from 14 major Mexican cities to test these potentially rival approaches. It finds that both corruption and security outcomes matter, but direct experience with bribery has the single largest impact on dissatisfaction with the police. T his article seeks to test whether citizens' dissatisfaction with the police inMexico is driven more by police corruption or by insecurity. This research grows out of a longstanding debate about the degree to which citizens are concerned with legitimate processes versus the extent to which they simply care about outcomes. A focus solely on public security outcomes could have harmful consequences for democratic institutions and the rule of law and might lead to tolerance of corruption and the violation of individual rights.In addition, the relative importance of outcomes and processes has important policy implications. To date, public policy in Mexico has tended to focus on measures to improve police effectiveness through increasing the number of police, investing in training, and purchasing equipment, and only limited attention has been paid to confronting the informal rules that perpetuate day-to-day bribe payments between ordinary citizens and the police.

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The Impact of a Crime Wave: Perceptions, Fear, and Confidence in the Police

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Characteristics of Mammography Facility Locations and Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis in Chicago

Characteristics of Mammography Facility Locations and Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis in Chicago

Where You Live May Make You Old: The Association between Perceived Poor Neighborhood Quality and Leukocyte Telomere Length

Corruption or Insecurity? Understanding Dissatisfaction with Mexico’s Police

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