The impact of 5G on the evolution of intelligent automation and industry digitization

Attaran, Mohsen

doi:10.1007/s12652-020-02521-x

Cited by 182 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Numerous emerging technological paradigms, such as Industry 4.0 [1]- [3], Internet of Things (IoT) [4]- [6], and self-driving vehicles [7]- [10], require reliable low-latency communication that is untethered from cables [11], [12]. Proponents of these new technological paradigms have often deferred the provisioning of these required reliable lowlatency wireless communication services to the 5th Gener-ation (5G) mobile communication standard developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) [13]- [15].…”

Section: A Motivation 1: New 5g Campus Network For Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the core, packets can be lost because classic socket API programming, as used in Open5GS and presumably also in the Nokia core, is not designed to handle many packets per second of a single stream. In the case of Open5GS, the developers are aware of this issue and modern packet processing frameworks, such as DPDK or Cisco's Vector Packet Processing (VPP), could increase the performance in terms of processing delay and throughput 1 . We denote the core packet loss probability as ǫ Core .…”

Section: ) Packet Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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5G Campus Networks: A First Measurement Study

et al. 2021

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A 5G campus network is a 5G network for the users affiliated with the campus organization, e.g., an industrial campus, covering a prescribed geographical area. A 5G campus network can operate as a so-called 5G non-stand-alone (NSA) network (which requires 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) spectrum access) or as a 5G standalone (SA) network (without 4G LTE spectrum access). 5G campus networks are envisioned to enable new use cases, which require cyclic delay-sensitive industrial communication, such as robot control. We design a rigorous testbed for measuring the one-way packet delays between a 5G end device via a radio access network (RAN) to a packet core with sub-microsecond precision as well as for measuring the packet core delay with nanosecond precision. With our testbed design, we conduct detailed measurements of the one-way download (downstream, i.e., core to end device) as well as one-way upload (upstream, i.e., end device to core) packet delays and losses for both 5G standalone (SA) and 5G nonstandalone (NSA) hardware and network operation. We also measure the corresponding 5G SA and 5G NSA packet core processing delays for download and upload. We find that typically 95% of the SA download packet delays are in the range from 4-10 ms, indicating a fairly wide spread of the packet delays. Also, existing packet core implementations regularly incur packet processing latencies up to 0.4 ms, with outliers above one millisecond. Our measurement results inform the further development and refinement of 5G SA and 5G NSA campus networks for industrial use cases. We make the measurement data traces publicly available as the IEEE DataPort 5G Campus Networks: Measurement Traces dataset (

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Section: A Motivation 1: New 5g Campus Network For Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Packet Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G Campus Networks: A First Measurement Study

et al. 2021

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“…However, several other important aspects are missing related to the role of mobile communication in a smart city along with the economic impact of each vertical industry enabled by 5G technology. The paper [24] briefly discusses the impact of 5G on the evolution of industry digitization and intelligent automation. It highlights the key features of 5G networks and the role of 5G technology in various vertical industries.…”

Section: Related Work Contributions and Structure Of The Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of 5G Technologies in a Smart City: The Case for Intelligent Transportation System

2021

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A smart city is an urban area that collects data using various electronic methods and sensors. Smart cities rely on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and aim to improve the quality of services by managing public resources and focusing on comfort, maintenance, and sustainability. The fifth generation (5G) of wireless mobile communication enables a new kind of communication network to connect everyone and everything. 5G will profoundly impact economies and societies as it will provide the necessary communication infrastructure required by various smart city applications. Intelligent Transporting System (ITS) is one of the many smart city applications that can be realized via 5G technology. The paper aims to discuss the impact and implications of 5G on ITS from various dimensions. Before this, the paper presents an overview of the technological context and the economic benefits of the 5G and how key vertical industries will be affected in a smart city, i.e., energy, healthcare, manufacturing, entertainment, and automotive and public transport. Afterward, 5G for ITS is introduced in more detail.

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“…Mobile broadband terminals [1][2][3] are becoming a prime need and rely increasingly on a continuously tunable liquid crystals (LC)-based [4][5][6][7] millimetre-wave (mmWave) beam steering flat-panel [8] antenna array, in lieu of rotating parabolic dishes [9]. The recent upsurge of high-bandwidth low-loss use cases places new demands on the selection of highly anisotropic LCs, which is as important for meeting the phase-tuning requirement as it is vital for low power dissipations in gigahertz (GHz) [10][11][12][13] and towards terahertz (THz) [14][15][16][17] regimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Figure-of-Merits of Liquid Crystals Shielded Coplanar Waveguide Phase Shifters at 60 GHz

2021

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The demand for reconfigurable millimetre-wave (mm-Wave) components based on highly anisotropic liquid crystals (LC) is higher than ever before for the UK and worldwide. In this work, 60 GHz investigation on a bespoke shielded coplanar waveguide (SCPW) phase shifter structure filled with 16 types of microwave-enabled nematic LCs respectively indicates that the patterns of the device’s figure-of-merit (FoM, defined as the ratio of maximum differential phase shift to maximum insertion loss) reshuffle from those of the characterised LC materials’ FoM (defined as the ratio of tunability to maximum dissipation factor). To be more specific, GT7-29001- and MDA-03-2838-based phase shifters exhibit the highest FoM for devices, outperforming phase shifters based on GT5-28004 and TUD-566 with the highest FoM for materials. Such a mismatch between the device’s FoM and LC’s FoM implies a nonlinearly perturbed wave-occupied volume ratio effect. Furthermore, the relationship between insertion loss and the effective delay line length is nonlinear, as evidenced by measurement results of two phase shifters (0–π and 0–2π, respectively). Such nonlinearities complicate the established FoM metrics and potentially lead to a renewed interest in the selection and material synthesis of LCs to optimise reconfigurable mmWave devices, and promote their technological exploitation in phased array systems targeting demanding applications such as inter-satellite links and satellite internet.

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The impact of 5G on the evolution of intelligent automation and industry digitization

Cited by 182 publications

References 27 publications

5G Campus Networks: A First Measurement Study

5G Campus Networks: A First Measurement Study

The Role of 5G Technologies in a Smart City: The Case for Intelligent Transportation System

Rethinking Figure-of-Merits of Liquid Crystals Shielded Coplanar Waveguide Phase Shifters at 60 GHz

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