“…According to the data of the Comtrade Database (United Nations, 2020), the total intra-ASEAN trade estimated of Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam soared at a high value compared with the other countries in ASEAN in 2019, when the bilateral trade of Singapore increased from $74,921,624,521 (2010) to $190,479,957,111 (2019). Similarly, this figure in Thailand rose from $32,607,585,427 to $104,355,676,162 and for Vietnam was $57,030,721,866 in 2019. Although trade and migration have been extensively studied across various disciplines, their inter-relationship remains a topic of debate (Adedoyin et al, 2020;Bang & MacDermot, 2018;Czaika & Parsons, 2017;D'Ambrosio et al, 2019;Figueiredo et al, 2016;Macková et al, 2019;Natanael & Verico, 2019). Adedoyin et al (2020) found that migration is negatively related to trade.…”