The immunopathology of M cells

Davis, Ian C.; Owen, Robert L.

doi:10.1007/bf00824051

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…M cells were previously found on the FAE overlying the dome structure of aggregated lymphoid nodules in the small intestine of humans, as well as in the colon and rectum of mouse (Miller et al, 2007), and they have been identified in a 17-week-old human fetus, the bursa of Fabricius of 15-day-old chick embryos, the ileum of a 7-month-old bovine fetus, and in rats, mice and rabbits (Davis & Owen, 1997). Further, M cells have been documented only in the FAE-associated epithelium and occasionally on villi immediately adjacent to the lymphoid follicle and dome (Gebert et al, 1994;Neutra et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Morphological and Immunohistochemical Identification of Villous M Cells in the Small Intestine of Newborn Piglets

Tian

Qiao³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY: Microfold (M) cells act as antigen-sampling sites for initiating antigen specific mucosal immune responses, but they may also provide a gateway for enteropathogen entry. In this study we demonstrated villous M cells by morphological and immunohistochemical methods to be present in the three regions of the small intestine from newborn piglets. Immunohistochemical analysis, using anti-cytokeratin 18 (CK18) primary antibodies, showed a gradually decreased density of M cells from the lower crypt epithelium to the upper villous epithelium. The proportion of villous M cells was greater in the ileum than in the duodenum or the midjejunum. Ultrastructural observation revealed that villous M cells were mainly columnar in shape in the duodenum and the mid-jejunum, and appeared as more pocket-like structure in the ileum. These villous M cells exhibited short and irregular microvilli, rich vesicles and reduced glycocalyx, but lacked the lymphocyte-containing basolateral invagination. Our results support evidence that M cells can develop in the small intestinal villous epithelium of newborn piglets, implying that villous M cells may begin developing in the pig's small intestine during fetal stages, which depends neither on the influence of the mucosal lymphoid tissue nor the antigen from the intestinal lumen stimulation. In addition, the variable morphology and heterogeneity distribution of villous M cells in the three regions of the small intestine may be indicative of its different functional properties. This information extent our understanding of the diversity of M cells and provides important basic knowledge for further research on the actual role of villous M cells in neonate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Morphological and Immunohistochemical Identification of Villous M Cells in the Small Intestine of Newborn Piglets

Tian

Qiao³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…Another feature of SIgA is their capacity to adhere selectively to microfold (M) cells irrespective of their Ag-binding specificity (12,13) in Peyer's patches (PP) (14); these latter are subsequently able to transport SIgA across the epithelium and to bring them in contact with the underlying structure named organized MALT (15). After transport, we found that SIgA Abs are internalized by dendritic cells (DC) in the subepithelial dome (SED) region and associate with CD4 ϩ T cells in the interfollicular region (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory IgA Possesses Intrinsic Modulatory Properties Stimulating Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses

Favre

Spertini

Corthésy

2005

The Journal of Immunology

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Secretory IgA (SIgA) is essential in protecting mucosal surfaces by ensuring immune exclusion. In addition, SIgA binds selectively to M cells in Peyer’s patches (PP), resulting in transport across the epithelium and targeting of dendritic cells (DC) in the dome region. The immunological consequences of such an interaction are unknown. In this study, we find that oral delivery of SIgA comprising human secretory component and mouse IgA induces human secretory component-specific Ab and cellular responses in mucosal and peripheral tissues in mice. This takes place in the absence of coaddition of cholera toxin, identifying so far unraveled properties in SIgA. Specific immune responses are accompanied by sustained IL-10 and TGF-β expression in draining mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. SIgA also triggers migration of DC to the T cell-rich regions of PP, and regulates expression of CD80 and CD86 on DC in PP, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. These results provide evidence that mucosal SIgA re-entering the body exerts a function of Ag delivery that contributes to effector and/or regulatory pathways characteristic of the intestinal mucosal compartment.

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“…In the gastrointestinal (GI) 3 tract, Peyer's patches (PP) have been studied in detail as a major inductive site for mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) responses. Luminal Ag gain access to the PP via transfer across specialized epithelial cells known as M cells (microfold cells), which are scattered among the columnar epithelial cells of the follicle-associated epithelium (2)(3)(4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Luminal Ag gain access to the PP via transfer across specialized epithelial cells known as M cells (microfold cells), which are scattered among the columnar epithelial cells of the follicle-associated epithelium (2)(3)(4). SIgA serves as the first line of defense against microbes by agglutinating potential invaders and facilitating their clearance by peristaltic and mucociliary movements (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting of Secretory IgA to Peyer’s Patch Dendritic and T Cells after Transport by Intestinal M Cells

Rey

Garin²,

Spertini

et al. 2004

The Journal of Immunology

130

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In addition to being instrumental to the protection of mucosal epithelia, secretory IgA (SIgA) adheres to and is transported by intestinal Peyer’s patch (PP) M cells. The possible functional reason for this transport is unknown. We have thus examined in mice the outcome of SIgA delivered from the intestinal lumen to the cells present in the underlying organized mucosa-associated lymphoreticular tissue. We show selective association of SIgA with dendritic cells and CD4+ T and B lymphocytes recovered from PP in vitro. In vivo, exogenously delivered SIgA is able to enter into multiple PP lining the intestine. In PP, SIgA associates with and is internalized by dendritic cells in the subepithelial dome region, whereas the interaction with CD4+ T cells is limited to surface binding. Interaction between cells and SIgA is mediated by the IgA moiety and occurs for polymeric and monomeric molecular forms. Thus, although immune exclusion represents the main function of SIgA, transport of the Ab by M cells might promote Ag sampling under neutralizing conditions essential to the homeostasis of mucosal surfaces.

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The immunopathology of M cells

Cited by 22 publications

References 196 publications

Morphological and Immunohistochemical Identification of Villous M Cells in the Small Intestine of Newborn Piglets

Morphological and Immunohistochemical Identification of Villous M Cells in the Small Intestine of Newborn Piglets

Secretory IgA Possesses Intrinsic Modulatory Properties Stimulating Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses

Targeting of Secretory IgA to Peyer’s Patch Dendritic and T Cells after Transport by Intestinal M Cells

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