The immunomodulatory effects of levamisole on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Abstract

The immunomodulatory effects of levamisole were investigated using rainbow trout, Oncor hynchus mykiss. Fish sampled 5 days after intraperitoneal injection of levamisole showed in creased protection against Vibrio anguillarum when a single dose (0.5 mg/kg) was used. Phago cytic activity, chemiluminescence responses and natural killer cell activity in fish treated with levamisole were also increased, compared with those in the saline treated fish. Furthermore, levamisole activated the alternative complement pathway of rainbow trout, although serum bacteri cidal activities against V. anguillarum were not enhanced by the treatment of levamisole. These results indicate that levamisole has immunomodulatory effects in rainbow trout.

Proposed method for agglutinating antibody titer analysis and its use as indicator of acquired immunity in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus

“…The compound included on pacu diet is a synthetic anthelmintic extensively applied in veterinary and human treatments, and has shown a potent immune modulatory action on innate and acquired immune systems of several species, such as Sparus aurata, Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Cyprinus carpio (Siwicki, 1989;Jeney and Anderson, 1993;Mulero et al, 1998;Findlay and Munday, 2000;Cuesta et al, 2002Cuesta et al, , 2004. Therefore, levamisole has prompt resistance against various etiological agents, such as Vibrio anguillarum, A. hydrophila, Paramoeba sp., Edwardsiella tarda, Photobacterium damselae and nematodes as Anguillicola crassus (Kajita et al, 1990;Geets et al, 1992;Baba et al, 1993;Findlay et al, 2000; Leano et al, 2003;Munday and Zilberg, 2003).…”

Influence of selected Indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon with reference to haematological, biochemical and immunological changes

“…have been studied as prospective immunostimulants for fish (reviewed by Sakai [8]), and some have been reported to confer a degree of protection against several diseases commonly found in farmed fishes, caused by Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida or Yersinia ruckeri, etc. [9].…”

In vitro effect of Levamisole on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) peripheral blood mononuclear cells

“…It has been reported that in salmonids, such as Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus mykiss, in vivo, it increases immunity (Kajita et al 1990 FIGURA 3. Efecto de diferentes dosis de levamisol (24 h de tratamiento) sobre la producción de óxido nítrico (NO) medido como Nitrito (NO 2 -) por las células mononucleares de sangre periférica de trucha.…”

“…These compounds, being efficient to increase immunocompetency and resistance to infections, have been used in aquaculture, veterinary and human medicine (Sakai 1999). One of these immunostimulating compounds is levamisole (Kajita et al 1990;Findlay & Munday 2000;Ispir & Yonar 2007). It is a synthetic compound originally used as an anti-helminthic livestock and later on its immunostimulating property was demonstrated, leading to its use with this second purpose in veterinary and human medicine (Sakai 1999).…”