The immunology of allergic disease

Cooke, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(47)90198-8

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The difference lies merely in the 'rate' and duration.« In analogy with this, Rabat (1955) pointed out that the words 'immediate' and 'delayed' are ambiguous when used of the Arthus phenomenon. In his classification of allergic reactions, Cooke (1947) did not definitively place the phenomenon in either of these two groups. However, it cannot be doubted that the Arthus phenomenon by its nature is an immediate reaction, if this term is contrasted to delayed, in the sense of delayed bacterial tuberculin-type reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Influence of Corticotrophin and Cortisone on the Arthus Phenomenon in Intact and Hypophysectomized Rabbits

Christensen

1959

Acta Endocrinologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Influence of Corticotrophin and Cortisone on the Arthus Phenomenon in Intact and Hypophysectomized Rabbits

Christensen

1959

Acta Endocrinologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Many studies use 24 hours as an outside limit when testing for reactions to foods, 30,33,34,35 although there is considerable literature on delayed reactions and food sensitivities. 14,26,27,36,37 May and Block in discussing nonreaginic reactions claim that the interval between ingestion of a food and the appearance of symptoms is sometimes 36 to 48 hours. 38 In most delayed onset reactions to foods, an immunological basis is uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serendipity and Food Sensitivity: A Case Study

Gettis¹

1987

Headache

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SYNOPSISThe subject was a common-migraine sufferer for many years. He kept detailed records regarding the frequency of his headaches and medication taken. An aspirin-induced gastrointestinal bleed caused him to begin a bland oligoantigenic diet. He became headache-free shortly thereafter. Single food challenges, done carefully and deliberately, revealed sensitivities to banana, citrus, and cheese, all foods containing potent vasoactive amines. The year prior to his serendipitous discovery, the subject had headache on 326 days and took 1316 aspirin tablets. The year following it, in which he eliminated offending foods, he had headache on 8 days and took 16 tablets. Seven years of headache data are presented. Delayed reactions to foods, and multiple food sensitivities, may pose diagnostic problems. Headaches can occur up to 72 hours following ingestion of provoking foods. Oligoantigenic diets and single food challenges utilizing enough time so as to recognize delayed reactions are useful in detecting food sensitivities.(Headache 27:73-75, 1987) CASE REPORTThe subject, a married professional man in his late thirties, had suffered from common migraine for many years. He was in good health and was not on any medications. Every time he developed a headache, he would make an entry in his appointment book calendar. He would also note the amount of pills (325 mg aspirin tablets) he ingested with each headache. Thus, without realization of doing so, he was maintaining statistics with respect to two frequently used measures utilized in the study and evaluation of headaches and their treatments. The number of "headache free days" (frequency of headache statistic) 1,2,3,4 and the headache medication intake 1,2,3,4,5,6 are standard indices for evaluating clinical improvement in headache sufferers.

show abstract

“…3 Various investigators have noted that cheeses are considered to be rather common headache triggers 7,18-20 for those with food sensitivities. In the "delayed reaction" type of food sensitivity, 15,18,[21][22][23] headache may initially appear days after the ingestion of the offending foods. [24][25][26] Carter, Egger, and Soothill 27 point to the difficulties involved in identifying the provoking foods when reactions are not immediate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewpoint: Food Induced "Delayed Reaction" Headaches in Relation to Tyramine Studies

Gettis¹

1987

Headache

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SYNOPSISIn 1967, Hanington hypothesized that oral tyramine caused headache in susceptible individuals. Since then, the studies on tyramine and headache have yielded conflicting results. All the studies use either a 24 or 48 hour period following tyramine ingestion to note whether headache developed. However, there is a considerable body of literature on "delayed reaction" type food sensitivities which notes a gap of as much as 72 hours between ingestion of offending foods and development of headache. When subjects receive tyramine capsules and placebo capsules 24 or 48 hours apart, it is conceivable that contamination of results could occur due to delayed reaction headaches. A headache following placebo ingestion could be a result of the delayed reaction to the tyramine. Numerous studies did not attempt to control for the ingestion of tyramine-rich foods in their subjects, and the failure to do so threatens the validity of their findings. Future studies need to consider a 72 hour time frame between tyramine and placebo trials, and any headaches developing for 72 hours after capsule ingestion should be recorded. (Headache 27:444-445, 1987) Based on the findings of a placebo controlled study, Hanington 1 concluded that tyramine may be a causal agent in provoking headache. Certain individuals may have a particularly sensitive localized vascular response to circulating vasoactive amines such as tyramine. Tyramine is an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine. It is a simple phenylethylamine that liberates noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve endings. 2 It is normally destroyed in the gut and liver and does not reach systemic circulation. 3 However, if there is a genetic enzyme deficiency of monoamine oxidase activity, an excess of tyramine in the blood stream may precipitate headache. 4 This genetic enzyme deficiency which is hypothesized to exist in about 5-10% of migraine sufferers has been postulated to be an inborn error of metabolism. 5,6,7 Defective conjugation of tyramine resulting from the enzyme deficiency has been reported, 6,8 as have low platelet monoamine oxidase levels in migraineous subjects. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Studies dealing with whether tyramine produces headache have yielded conflicting results. This may be due to the methodological differences among the studies that have been well documented by Kohlenberg. 16 However, another hypothesis is conceivable and will be in evidence as this paper proceeds. Cheeses contain significant amounts of tyramine, 17 as do beer, yeast, and certain wines. 3 Various investigators have noted that cheeses are considered to be rather common headache triggers 7,18-20 for those with food sensitivities. In the "delayed reaction" type of food sensitivity, 15,18,[21][22][23] headache may initially appear days after the ingestion of the offending foods. [24][25][26] Carter, Egger, and Soothill 27 point to the difficulties involved in identifying the provoking foods when reactions are not immediate. They also recognize that headaches resulting from the ingestion of...

show abstract

The immunology of allergic disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

The Influence of Corticotrophin and Cortisone on the Arthus Phenomenon in Intact and Hypophysectomized Rabbits

The Influence of Corticotrophin and Cortisone on the Arthus Phenomenon in Intact and Hypophysectomized Rabbits

Serendipity and Food Sensitivity: A Case Study

Viewpoint: Food Induced "Delayed Reaction" Headaches in Relation to Tyramine Studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About