The Immunological Basis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Silva, Francesca A. R.; Rodrigues, Bruno; Ayrizono, Maria de Lourdes Setsuko; Leal, Raquel Franco

doi:10.1155/2016/2097274

Cited by 118 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are collectively termed based on the immunologically mediated and relapsing chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Although genetic and environmental factors are assumed to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, the fundamental etiology and pathogenesis remain obscure (Chan & Ng, 2017;Silva, Rodrigues, Ayrizono, & Leal, 2016). The pathological events of chronic mucosal inflammation involve inadequate or prolonged activation of the intestinal immune system (Qiu, Ma, Wang, & Zhang, 2017;Yadav et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective effect of syringic acid on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced experimental colitis in BALB/c mice

Fang

Zhu

Niu

et al. 2019

Drug Development Research

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Inflammatory bowel diseases involve chronic intestinal inflammation which is mostly caused by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) conditions. Patients having UC are prone to colorectal cancer and dysplastic polyps, and also have sporadic adenomas. Syringic acid (SA) possesses many health benefits including antioxidant, anti‐bacterial, and anti‐cancer. This study was aimed to identify the effects of SA on UC, using a murine experimental model. Clinical symptoms and weight loss were significantly reduced in mice induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treated with SA, compared to untreated mice. The effects of SA exhibited in DSS‐induced mice were associated with significant decrease in the expressions levels of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), pro‐inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF‐α], interleukin [IL‐1β and IL‐6]), remarkable amelioration of colonic architectural disruption, and a significant reduction in the activity of colonic myeloperoxidase. To further confirm the anti‐inflammatory property of SA, RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. SA dose‐dependently inhibited the cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. It also decreased the expressions of p65‐NF‐κB and IκB, thus reducing the activation and nuclear accumulation of p‐STAT‐3Y705. This prohibited the degradation of inhibitory protein, IκB, as well as inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65‐NF‐κB in colonic tissue. It was concluded that SA has a potential to limit inflammation via inhibiting the p65‐NF‐κB and STAT3 signaling; hence it can be used for therapeutic purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective effect of syringic acid on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced experimental colitis in BALB/c mice

Fang

Zhu

Niu

et al. 2019

Drug Development Research

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“…However, when the inflammatory process is initiated, an increase of immune effector cells occurs, including T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, as well as innate immune cells [48]. These cells are responsible for the production of several pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23, and IL-10 [49]. Given the potential therapeutic effect of their blockade, a large number of these inflammatory mediators present in MAT and their role in the development of CD have been closely investigated [31].…”

Section: Molecular Characteristics Of the Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Imentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mesenteric Adipose Tissue in Crohn’s Disease

Leal¹,

Pascoal²,

Silva³

et al. 2018

Adipose Tissue

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become an increasingly frequent chronic health problem in the last few decades, particularly in developing countries. In young adults, one of the most common forms of IBD is Crohn's disease (CD). CD is a multifactorial genetic disease characterized by a transmural granulomatous inflammation that especially affects the terminal ileum and the colon. As it involves defective inflammatory pathways, the immune adaptive complex, and environmental factors, this disease has periods of remission and recurrence followed by diarrhea, abdominal pain, and malnutrition, which often lead to lumen bowel stenosis associated to multiple fistulas. In addition, the growth of mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) near the affected intestinal area is a hallmark of CD. Evidence linking the development of mesenteric and intestinal alterations in CD is increasing. The aim of this chapter is to address adipose tissue in general, the morphological and functional differences between its compartments, the main characteristics of MAT in CD, and its possible role in the etiopathology of this immune-mediated disease.

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“…The etiology of IBDs is not fully elucidated. However, available evidence suggests that an abnormal immune response against the microorganisms of the intestinal lora is responsible for the disease in genetically susceptible individuals [85]. CD is characterized as a Th1 directed disease, with elevated CD4 + T-cell synthesis of IFN-γ and high TNF-α and IL-12 production by activated macrophages.…”

Section: Inlammatory Bowel Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteopontin (OPN) Gene Polymorphisms and Autoimmune Diseases

Kaleta¹

2017

Genetic Polymorphisms

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Osteopontin (OPN) is a pleiotropic protein, important in bone remodeling and immune system signaling. OPN is synthesized in a variety of cells and tissues. It can be found not only in bone cells but also in immune cells (B and T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). OPN regulates T-helper 1/T-helper 2 (Th1/Th2) balance, stimulates B cells to antibodies production, regulates macrophages and neutrophils function, and activates dendritic cells. A number of factors, including hormones, cytokines, and polymorphisms of promoter region of OPN gene, regulate protein expression. OPN and variants of the OPN gene have been associated with the pathogenesis of multiple disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, inlammatory bowel diseases, asthma, type 1 diabetes, and many other. However, some studies gave diferent or inconclusive results. Thus, the role of OPN polymorphic variants in autoimmune diseases needs to be beter deined and explored as a diagnostic and therapeutic target to monitor and treat immune-mediated conditions.

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The Immunological Basis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Cited by 118 publications

References 91 publications

The protective effect of syringic acid on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced experimental colitis in BALB/c mice

The protective effect of syringic acid on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced experimental colitis in BALB/c mice

The Role of Mesenteric Adipose Tissue in Crohn’s Disease

Osteopontin (OPN) Gene Polymorphisms and Autoimmune Diseases

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