The immunity arising from continuous low-level infection with<i>Eimeria tenella</i>

Joyner, L. P.; Norton, C. C.

doi:10.1017/s0031182000046552

Cited by 75 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The efficacy of live parasite vaccination is influenced especially by the mode of administration. For example, continuous exposure with a low number of oocysts (5/day) induced significantly greater immunity compared with a single immunization with the same number of oocysts (Joyner & Norton, 1973). Oocyst production in repeatedly infected birds extended well beyond the period of patency of a single infection, but eventually ceased and the birds appeared to be highly immune compared to a single immunization regimen.…”

Section: Live Virulent Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccidia: A review of recent advances on immunity and vaccine development

1993

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Section: Live Virulent Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccidia: A review of recent advances on immunity and vaccine development

1993

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“…With the use of litter in sheds, control by sanitation is impractical and immunological methods of control, while in use in many broiler breeder flocks, are not safe or economic for use in broiler chickens (Jeffers, 1987). Immunity in chickens to Eimeria tenella can be achieved by giving them daily doses of between one and 20 infective oocysts daily (Joyner & Norton, 1973). Recently, work on live attenuated vaccines has achieved some success (Shirley & Millard, 1986;Shirley & Bellatti, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionophore toxicity in chickens: A review of pathology and diagnosis

Dowling¹

1992

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYThe ionophores (polyether compounds) have been the predominant means of chemical control of coccidiosis in the past 15 years because of the slow development of resistant strains to them relative to other anticoccidial drugs. However, the ionophores have a narrow range of safety, and it is sometimes difficult to ensure an even distribution of the drug throughout the feed. Diagnosis of toxicity is difficult because of the reversibility of clinical signs and the variability of pathological lesions ranging from none to non-specific. This paper reviews the known pathology of ionophore toxicity and the inadequacies of present diagnostic approaches. Analysis for ionophores in feed may be made by silica gel and high performance thin layer chromatography, but tissue analyses for toxic levels, a more specific diagnostic aid, are not commonly carried out. Limited studies suggest that residues in even severely intoxicated birds remain low. Diagnosis relies upon clinical signs of inco-ordination, leg weakness, diarrhoea and depression, non-specific histopathological lesions of myopathy and the presence of high levels of ionophores in the feed. If, however, toxicity is due to uneven distribution, feed samples may return false negative results. Current diagnostic criteria are, therefore, unsatisfactory and there is a clear need to investigate other diagnostic approaches.

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“…Joyner and Norton (1976) found that repeated dosing with E. maxima resulted in slightly longer patent periods than in birds given a single dose of oocysts. With E. tenella the patent period was doubled compared with birds given a single dose (Joyner and Norton, 1973). Two peaks in oocyst production were observed for E. brunetti and E. tenella in this study indicating that auto re-infection may have occurred during the experiment.…”

Section: E Tenellamentioning

confidence: 60%

The effect of monensin on the immunity arising from repeated low‐level infections withEimeria maxima, E. brunetti and E. tenella

Chapman

1978

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARY A study was made of the effect of monensin on the development of immunity to E. maxima, E. brunetti or E. tenella in chickens given repeated inoculations of oocysts. Birds were inoculated three times weekly with either 1000, 100 or 10 oocysts for a total of 13 inoculations. Faecal oocyst output was recorded throughout the experiment, and after 33 days, birds were challenged with 100,000 oocysts of each species.Whereas non-medicated birds given the schedule of 10 oocysts of E. maxima had a patent period of 12 days the duration of patency for E. brunetti and E. tenella was considerably extended. Exposure of non-medicated birds to a total of only 130 oocysts over a 28-day period resulted in a strong immunity to E. maxima and E. brunetti but protection against E. tenella was incomplete. Development of immunity in birds fed 125 parts per million monensin was dependent upon the number of oocysts administered. With

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The immunity arising from continuous low-level infection withEimeria tenella

Cited by 75 publications

References 3 publications

Coccidia: A review of recent advances on immunity and vaccine development

Coccidia: A review of recent advances on immunity and vaccine development

Ionophore toxicity in chickens: A review of pathology and diagnosis

The effect of monensin on the immunity arising from repeated low‐level infections withEimeria maxima, E. brunetti and E. tenella

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