The immune response of the small interfering RNA pathway in the defense against bee viruses

Niu, Jinzhi; Meeus, Ivan; Cappelle, Kaat; Piot, Niels; Smagghe, Guy

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2014.09.014

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Since then, advances in the knowledge of these groups including the unique intergenic IRES of dicistrovirids [7,19,56], the characteristics of proteins 2C and 3C of iflaviruses [57,58], the specific host responses to viral infection [5,59,60] and other details of pathogenesis [3] will facilitate the generation of infectious clones for use in basic research and applied biotechnology (Figure 1). …”

Section: Closing Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges associated with research on RNA viruses of insects

Carrillo-Tripp

Bonning

Miller

2015

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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Section: Closing Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges associated with research on RNA viruses of insects

Carrillo-Tripp

Bonning

Miller

2015

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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“…Direct evidence of the antiviral role of RNAi in insects has predominantly come from studies in Drosophila melanogaster , Aedes aegypti , and Anopheles gambiae, which involved experimental infections via injections with pure virus inocula, mutant-flies, or gene knock-down in mosquitos [59–63]. Likewise, field and laboratory based studies in Apis mellifera (Western honey bee) [64–69] and Apis cerana (Eastern honey bee) [70] indicate that RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity is important in honey bees (reviewed in [71]). In addition, dsRNA may serve as a non-sequence-specific virus associated molecular pattern (VAMP) that triggers innate antiviral immune pathways in fruit-flies [72] and honey bees [73,74], similar to the mammalian interferon response [75] (Figure 1, Tables 1 and S1).…”

Section: Insect Immune Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral defense mechanisms in honey bees

Brutscher

Daughenbaugh

Flenniken

2015

Current Opinion in Insect Science

155

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Honey bees are significant pollinators of agricultural crops and other important plant species. High annual losses of honey bee colonies in North America and in some parts of Europe have profound ecological and economic implications. Colony losses have been attributed to multiple factors including RNA viruses, thus understanding bee antiviral defense mechanisms may result in the development of strategies that mitigate colony losses. Honey bee antiviral defense mechanisms include RNA-interference, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered signal transduction cascades, and reactive oxygen species generation. However, the relative importance of these and other pathways is largely uncharacterized. Herein we review the current understanding of honey bee antiviral defense mechanisms and suggest important avenues for future investigation.

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“…It has been described that the insect host recruits the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway when challenged with virus (Deddouche et al, 2008;Niu et al, 2016). Here Dicer-2 produces virus-specific siRNAs that are then loaded into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) which is capable of cutting multiple viral RNAs (Brutscher et al, 2015;Niu et al, 2014b;Sabin et al, 2010). In the present study, we checked the expression of Dicer-2, a key gene in the siRNA pathway in different tissues of SP+ and SPÀ B. terrestris workers.…”

Section: Host Immune Response After Iapv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Israeli acute paralysis virus associated paralysis symptoms, viral tissue distribution and Dicer-2 induction in bumblebee workers (Bombus terrestris)

Wang

Meeus

Smagghe

2016

Journal of General Virology

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Although it is known that Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) can cause bee mortality, the symptoms of paralysis and the distribution of the virus in different body tissues and their potential to respond with an increase of the siRNA antiviral immune system have not been studied. In this project we worked with Bombus terrestris, which is one of the most numerous bumblebee species in Europe and an important pollinator for wild flowers and many crops in agriculture. Besides the classic symptoms of paralysis and trembling prior to death, we report a new IAPVrelated symptom, crippled/immobilized forelegs. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR showed that IAPV accumulates in different body tissues (midgut, fat body, brain and ovary). The highest levels of IAPV were observed in the fat body. With fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) we detected IAPV in the Kenyon cells of mushroom bodies and neuropils from both antennal and optic lobes of the brain in IAPV-infected workers. Finally, we observed an induction of Dicer-2, a core gene of the RNAi antiviral immune response, in the IAPV-infected tissues of B. terrestris workers. According to our results, tissue tropism and the induction strength of Dicer-2 could not be correlated with virus-related paralysis symptoms. INTRODUCTIONHoneybees and bumblebees are the two most important bee species used in modern apiculture and agriculture. They host many viruses. When looking at the honeybee, there have been around 23 viruses reported and many of these viruses only persist as covert and asymptomatic infections which show no detectable impact at both the individual and colony level (McMenamin & Genersch, 2015). However, under certain conditions, for example the presence of the ectoparasitic honeybee mite Varroa destructor, the covert infections of some viruses turn into overt ones with observable symptoms (Martin et al., 2012;McMahon et al., 2015;Singh et al., 2010). The symptoms of overt infections vary from virus to virus, including deformed wings, discoloration, hair losses, bloated abdomen, paralysis, decreased locomotion, impaired cognition and both brood and adult mortality (Lanzi et al., 2006;McMenamin & Genersch, 2015;Singh et al., 2010). Some symptoms can be easily recognized by the behaviour and appearance of the infected bees, while others can only be confirmed through meticulous and continuous observations or by molecular techniques.In bumblebees (Bombus spp.) a subset of honeybee-infecting viruses has been reported, such as deformed wing virus (DWV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV), sacbrood virus (SBV), black queen cell virus (BQCV) and Lake Sinai virus (LSV) (Genersch et al., 2006;Levitt et al., 2013;Parmentier et al., 2016;Peng et al., 2011). However, only DWV, KBV and IAPV have been reported to cause clinical symptoms (Genersch et al., 2006;Meeus et al., 2014). DWV caused crippled wings in bumblebee (Bombus terrestris and Bombus pascuorum) workers even without ...

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The immune response of the small interfering RNA pathway in the defense against bee viruses

Cited by 37 publications

References 52 publications

Challenges associated with research on RNA viruses of insects

Challenges associated with research on RNA viruses of insects

Antiviral defense mechanisms in honey bees

Israeli acute paralysis virus associated paralysis symptoms, viral tissue distribution and Dicer-2 induction in bumblebee workers (Bombus terrestris)

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