The Immune Response and Performance of Calves Supplemented with Zinc from an Organic and an Inorganic Source

Kegley, E. B.; Silzell, S.A.; Kreider, David L.; Galloway, D. L.; Coffey, K. P.; Hornsby, J. A.; Hubbell, D. S.

doi:10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31593-x

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Immunoglobulin G is the main antibody mediating humoral immunity and is the most abundant antibody in the serum (Crassini et al, 2018), whereas IgM is the first antibody to appear in immune responses and infection (Ehrenstein and Notley, 2010), and IgA is the principal antibody in exocrine secretions (Woof and Kerr, 2006). Some investigators have proposed that supplementation with zinc increases the immune responsiveness of calves by increasing IgG concentration (Kegley et al, 2001; Tomasi et al, 2018), whereas others have shown that supplementation with coated ZnO at 380 or 570 mg of Zn/kg reduces diarrhea index and increases secretory IgA concentration in the jejunal mucosa (Shen et al, 2014). Furthermore, Nagalakshmi et al (2018) demonstrated that administration of a low level of organic zinc improves growth performance and the immune response of calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different types of zinc supplement on the growth, incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and rectal microbiota of newborn dairy calves

Chang

Wei

Hao

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Neonatal diarrhea in dairy calves causes huge economic and productivity losses in the dairy industry. Zinc is an effective anti-diarrheal agent, but high doses may pose a threat to the environment. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of low-dose zinc supplementation on the growth, incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and rectal microbiota of newborn Holstein dairy calves. Thirty newborn calves were allocated to either a control group (without extra zinc supplementation), or groups supplemented with either 104 mg of zinc oxide (ZnO, equivalent to 80 mg of zinc/d) or 457 mg of zinc methionine (Zn-Met, equivalent to 80 mg of zinc/d) and studied them for 14 d. The rectal contents were sampled on d 1, 3, 7, and 14, and blood samples were collected at the end of the study. Supplementation with ZnO reduced the incidence of diarrhea during the first 3 d of life, and increased serum IgG and IgM concentrations. The Zn-Met supplementation increased growth performance and reduced the incidence of diarrhea during the first 14 d after birth. The results of fecal microbiota analysis showed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, and Escherichia and Bacteroides were the dominant genera in the recta of the calves. As the calves grew older, rectal microbial diversity and composition significantly evolved. In addition, dietary supplementation with ZnO reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in 1-d-old calves, and increased that of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium in 7-d-old calves, compared with the control group. Supplementation with Zn-Met increased the relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria and the genera Faecalibacterium and Collinsella on d 7, and that of the genus Ruminococcus after 2 wk, compared with the control group. Thus, the rectal microbial composition was not affected by zinc supplementation but significantly evolved during the calves' early life.Zinc supplementation reduced the incidence of diarrhea in young calves. In view of their differing effects, we recommend ZnO supplementation for dairy calves during their first 3 d of life and Zn-Met supplementation for the subsequent period. These findings suggest that zinc supplementation may be an alternative to antibacterial agents for the treatment of newborn calf diarrhea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different types of zinc supplement on the growth, incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and rectal microbiota of newborn dairy calves

Chang

Wei

Hao

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Organic source of Zn @ 360 mg/hd/d as Zn-aa-complex, Cu @ 125 mg/hd/d as Cu-aa-complex, Mn @ 200 mg/hd/d as Mn-aa-complex, Co @ 12 mg/ hd/d as CoGlu a (Availa-4™, Zinpro); versus inorganic source of these trace elements at the same rate as ZnSO No difference (morbidity = 63%) Sharman et al 80 RBD organic source of Zn @ 360 mg/hd/d as Znaa-complex, Cu @ 125 mg/hd/d as Cu-aacomplex, Mn @ 200 mg/hd/d as Mn-aacomplex, Co @ 12. No difference, but % repulls and mortality tended (P < 0.08) to be higher with aa complex source Dorton et al 81 RBD Controls with no supplemental trace elements; versus organic source of Zn @ 360 mg/hd/d as Zn-aa-complex, Cu @ 125 mg/ hd/d as Cu-aa-complex, Mn @ 200 mg/hd/d as Mn-aa-complex, Co @ 12. elements; versus organic source of Zn @ 360 mg/hd/d as Zn-aa-complex, Cu @ 125 mg/ hd/d as Cu-aa-complex, Mn @ 200 mg/hd/d as Mn-aa-complex, Co @ 12.5 mg/hd/d as CoGlu (Availa-4™, Zinpro); versus inorganic source of these trace elements at the same rate as 85 Randomised 2 Â 2 factorial inorganic Cu @ 10 mg/kg DM as CuSO4 + inorganic Zn @ 75 mg/kg DM as ZnSO 4 ; inorganic Cu @ 10 mg/kg DM as CuSO 4 + organic Zn @ 75 mg/kg DM as Zn-polysaccharide; organic Cu @ 10 mg/kg DM as Cu-polysaccharide + inorganic Zn @ 75 mg/kg DM as ZnSO 4 ; organic Cu @ 10 mg/kg DM as Cupolysaccharide + organic Zn @ 75 mg/kg DM as Zn-polysaccharide. RBD controls with no supplemental Zn (exp.…”

Section: Injectable Vitamins a D And E At Feedlot Entry -Australian Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of practices used to reduce the incidence of bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlots (to November 2021)

Cusack

2023

Aust Veterinary J

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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) has been identified as the most significant infectious disease of feedlot cattle in eastern Australia.1 Bovine respiratory disease causes economic loss due to medication costs, mortalities, excessive feed inputs associated with increased time on feed, reduced sale prices and associated labour costs. Bovine respiratory disease is a complex multifactorial condition with multiple animal, environmental and management risk factors predisposing cattle to illness. A range of microorganisms are implicated in BRD with at least four viral and five bacterial species commonly involved individually or in combination. The viruses most commonly associated with BRD in Australia are bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV or bovine pestivirus), bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). More recently, bovine coronavirus has been identified as a potential viral contributor to BRD in Australia.2 A number of bacterial species have also been recognised as important to the BRD complex; these include Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, Trueperella pyogenes and Mycoplasma bovis. Although one or more of the pathogens listed above can be isolated from clinical cases of BRD, there is no evidence that infection alone causes serious illness. This indicates that, in addition to specific infectious agents, other factors are crucial for the development of BRD under field conditions. These can be categorised as environmental, animal and management risk factors. These risk factors are likely to exert their effects through multiple pathways including reductions in systemic and possibly local immunity. For example, stressors such as weaning, handling at saleyards, transport, dehydration, weather conditions, dietary changes, comingling and pen competition might reduce the effectiveness of the immune system. Reduced immunocompetence can allow opportunistic infection of the lower airways with potential pathogens leading to the development of BRD. The objective of this paper is to critically review the evidence for management practices aimed at reducing the incidence of BRD in Australian feedlot cattle. Predisposing factors (Table 1) largely beyond the control of most feedlots, such as weather and exposure to respiratory viruses, are discussed separately, but these factors can generate indirect prevention responses that are discussed under the preventative practices categories. The current practices are classified as either animal preparation practices (Table 2) or feedlot management practices (Table 3).

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Effects of Dietary Zinc-Methionine Supplementation During Pregnancy on the Whole-Genome Methylation and Related Gene Expression in the Liver and Spleen of Growing Goats: a Short Communication

Yan

Zhou

et al. 2020

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The Immune Response and Performance of Calves Supplemented with Zinc from an Organic and an Inorganic Source

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of different types of zinc supplement on the growth, incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and rectal microbiota of newborn dairy calves

Effects of different types of zinc supplement on the growth, incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and rectal microbiota of newborn dairy calves

Evaluation of practices used to reduce the incidence of bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlots (to November 2021)

Effects of Dietary Zinc-Methionine Supplementation During Pregnancy on the Whole-Genome Methylation and Related Gene Expression in the Liver and Spleen of Growing Goats: a Short Communication

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