The immune response and immunosuppressant drugs

Waller, Derek G.; Sampson, Anthony P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-7167-6.00038-5

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Immunosuppressant use is common in autoimmune, rheumatological, and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, while their application is mandatory to prevent rejection after organ transplantation [ 1 ]. Frequently used immunosuppressants are cyclosporine A and tacrolimus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus Induce Functional Impairment and Inflammatory Reactions in Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Meyer

Brodowski

Kaisenberg

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Immunosuppressants are a mandatory therapy for transplant patients to avoid rejection of the transplanted organ by the immune system. However, there are several known side effects, including alterations of the vasculature, which involve a higher occurrence of cardiovascular events. While the effects of the commonly applied immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) on mature endothelial cells have been addressed in several studies, we focused our research on the unexplored effects of CsA and Tac on endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a subgroup of endothelial progenitor cells, which play an important role in vascular repair and angiogenesis. We hypothesized that CsA and Tac induce functional defects and activate an inflammatory cascade via NF-κB signaling in ECFCs. ECFCs were incubated with different doses (0.01 µM–10 µM) of CsA or Tac. ECFC function was determined using in vitro models. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules was explored by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. NF-κB subunit modification was assessed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. CsA and Tac significantly impaired ECFC function, including proliferation, migration, and tube formation. TNF-α, IL-6, VCAM, and ICAM mRNA expression, as well as PECAM and VCAM surface expression, were enhanced. Furthermore, CsA and Tac led to NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB by parthenolide diminished CsA- and Tac-mediated proinflammatory effects. The data of functional impairment and activation of inflammatory signals provide new insight into mechanisms associated with CsA and Tac and cardiovascular risk in transplant patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus Induce Functional Impairment and Inflammatory Reactions in Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Meyer

Brodowski

Kaisenberg

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…1a. 20,21 In the most common type of allergic reaction, type I (e.g., IgE-mediated or anaphylactic-type) hypersensitivity (20% of adults) repeated exposure to an allergen results in an overproduction of IgE-antibodies by B-cells, 20 follow on sensitization, 22 and binding of these antibodies to the FcεRI 23 receptors of tissue mast cells and blood basophils. Upon reexposure to the antigen and crosslinking to the antibodies triggers the release of histamine 24 and other chemical mediators as well as the synthesis of inflammatory molecules, causing the early phase of allergic reactions resulting in contraction of smooth muscle cells and increased vascular permeability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring transient cell-to-cell interactions in a multi-layered and multi-functional allergy-on-a-chip system

et al. 2019

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Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Infection: A Meta-Analysis

Marra

Parhar

Huang

et al. 2020

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

169

146

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Background The burden of herpes zoster (HZ) is significant worldwide, with millions affected and the incidence rising. Current literature has identified some risk factors for this disease; however, there is yet to be a comprehensive study that pools all evidence to provide estimates of risk. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify various risk factors, excluding immunosuppressive medication, that may predispose an individual to developing HZ. Methods The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central, yielding case control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies that were pooled from January 1966 to September 2017. Search terms included the following: zoster OR herpe* OR postherpe* OR shingle* AND risk OR immunosupp* OR stress OR trauma OR gender OR ethnicity OR race OR age OR diabetes OR asthma OR chronic obstructive pulmonary disease OR diabetes. Risk ratios (RRs) for key risk factors were calculated via natural logarithms and pooled using random-effects modeling. Results From a total of 4417 identified studies, 88 were included in analysis (N = 3, 768 691 HZ cases). Immunosuppression through human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (RR = 3.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.40–4.33) or malignancy (RR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.86–2.53) significantly increased the risk of HZ compared with controls. Family history was also associated with a greater risk (RR = 2.48; 95% CI, 1.70–3.60), followed by physical trauma (RR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.39–2.91) and older age (RR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.37–1.97). A slightly smaller risk was seen those with psychological stress, females, and comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, renal disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease compared with controls (RR range, 2.08–1.23). We found that black race had lower rates of HZ development (RR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56–0.85). Conclusions This study demonstrated a number of risk factors for development of HZ infection. However, many of these characteristics are known well in advance by the patient and clinician and may be used to guide discussions with patients for prevention by vaccination.

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The immune response and immunosuppressant drugs

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus Induce Functional Impairment and Inflammatory Reactions in Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus Induce Functional Impairment and Inflammatory Reactions in Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Monitoring transient cell-to-cell interactions in a multi-layered and multi-functional allergy-on-a-chip system

Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Infection: A Meta-Analysis

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