The Immune Nature of Platelets Revisited

Maouia, Amal; Rebetz, Johan; Kapur, Rick; Semple, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.09.005

Cited by 132 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…Platelets have a well-established and important role in hemostasis and wound healing, but it has become clear that they also function as immune cells ( 19 ). In the context of cancer, they have been shown to support various steps of tumor expansion, including local growth, migration in and out of the blood stream and metastasis establishment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet-Mediated Protection of Cancer Cells From Immune Surveillance – Possible Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy

2021

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The growing insights in the complex interactions between metastatic cancer-cells and platelets have revealed that platelet tumor cell interactions in the blood stream are an important factor supporting tumor metastasis. An increased coagulability of platelets facilitates the vascular evasion and establishment of solid tumor metastasis. Furthermore, platelets can support an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment or shield tumor cells directly from engagement of cytotoxic lymphocytes as e.g., natural killer (NK) cells. Platelets are both in the tumor microenvironment and systemically the quantitatively most important source of TGF-β, which is a key cytokine for immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. If similar platelet-tumor interactions are of physiological relevance in hematological malignancies remains less well-studied. This might be important, as T- and NK cell mediated graft vs. leukemia effects (GvL) are well-documented and malignant hematological cells have a high exposure to platelets compared to solid tumors. As NK cell-based immunotherapies gain increasing attention as a therapeutic option for patients suffering from hematological and other malignancies, we review the known interactions between platelets and NK cells in the solid tumor setting and discuss how these could also apply to hematological cancers. We furthermore explore the possible implications for NK cell therapy in patients with solid tumors and patients who depend on frequent platelet transfusions. As platelets have a protective and supportive effect on cancer cells, the impact of platelet transfusion on immunotherapy and the combination of immunotherapy with platelet inhibitors needs to be evaluated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet-Mediated Protection of Cancer Cells From Immune Surveillance – Possible Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy

2021

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“…Among the multitude of substances released, microbicide molecules such as peptides and cytokines are present, which confer antiviral activity to the platelets, helping inactivate and eliminate the virus [29]. This platelet degranulation and consequent release of molecules also generate an indirect response against infection, involving cells of the immune system [30][31][32][33]. 1, different responses are triggered.…”

Section: Role Of Platelets Against Viral Infections and Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet Lysate Nebulization Protocol for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Its Sequels: Proof of Concept and Scientific Rationale

Beitia¹,

Delgado²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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One of the most severe effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is lung disorders such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In the absence of effective treatments, it is necessary to search for new therapies and therapeutic targets. Platelets play a fundamental role in respiratory disorders resulting from viral infections, being the first line of defense against viruses and essential in maintaining lung function. The direct application of platelet lysate (PL) obtained from the platelet-rich plasma of healthy donors could help in the improvement of the patient due its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antifibrotic, and repairing effects. This work evaluates PL nebulization by analyzing its levels of growth factors and its biological activity on lung fibroblast cell cultures, besides describing a scientific basis for its use in this kind of pathology. The data of the work suggest that the molecular levels and biological activity of the PL are maintained after nebulization. Airway administration would allow acting directly on the lung tissue modulating inflammation and stimulating reparative processes on key structures such as the alveolocapillary barrier, improving the disease and sequels. The protocol developed in this work is a first step for the study of nebulized PL both in animal experimentation and in clinical trials.

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“…Platelets also act as immune sentinels of damaged vessels. They guide neutrophils and other leukocytes to the site of extravasation and direct innate and adaptive immune responses [ 12 , 13 ]. Other immune cells residing in the skin such as Langerhans and dermal dendritic cells (DC) migrate to the lymph nodes and activate inflammatory and immune responses upon encountering antigens [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing the Recipe: Pathogen Directed Changes in Tick Saliva Components

Pham

Underwood

Chávez

2021

IJERPH

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Ticks are obligate hematophagous parasites and are important vectors of a wide variety of pathogens. These pathogens include spirochetes in the genus Borrelia that cause Lyme disease, rickettsial pathogens, and tick-borne encephalitis virus, among others. Due to their prolonged feeding period of up to two weeks, hard ticks must counteract vertebrate host defense reactions in order to survive and reproduce. To overcome host defense mechanisms, ticks have evolved a large number of pharmacologically active molecules that are secreted in their saliva, which inhibits or modulates host immune defenses and wound healing responses upon injection into the bite site. These bioactive molecules in tick saliva can create a privileged environment in the host’s skin that tick-borne pathogens take advantage of. In fact, evidence is accumulating that tick-transmitted pathogens manipulate tick saliva composition to enhance their own survival, transmission, and evasion of host defenses. We review what is known about specific and functionally characterized tick saliva molecules in the context of tick infection with the genus Borrelia, the intracellular pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Additionally, we review studies analyzing sialome-level responses to pathogen challenge.

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The Immune Nature of Platelets Revisited

Cited by 132 publications

References 210 publications

Platelet-Mediated Protection of Cancer Cells From Immune Surveillance – Possible Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy

Platelet-Mediated Protection of Cancer Cells From Immune Surveillance – Possible Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy

Platelet Lysate Nebulization Protocol for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Its Sequels: Proof of Concept and Scientific Rationale

Changing the Recipe: Pathogen Directed Changes in Tick Saliva Components

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