The immune microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphoma: T cells, B cells, and immune checkpoints

Vardhana, Santosha A.; Younes, Anas

doi:10.3324/haematol.2015.132761

Cited by 96 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a unique neoplasia characterized by only 1% of malignant Reed‐Sternberg (RS) cells surrounded by a reactive cellular background. Recent evidence has shown that interaction of ligands is expressed by RS cells with immune checkpoint receptors expressed by T cells in the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting T cell exhaustion and is thus an ineffective immune response . PD‐1 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on activated T cells found in tumor microenvironment.…”

Section: Clinical Parameters and Distribution Of Chl Patients At Diagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble PD‐1 and PD‐L1 as potential biomarkers for classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Silva

Real

Ferreira

et al. 2018

Hematological Oncology

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Section: Clinical Parameters and Distribution Of Chl Patients At Diagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble PD‐1 and PD‐L1 as potential biomarkers for classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Silva

Real

Ferreira

et al. 2018

Hematological Oncology

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“…14 Immunohistochemistry and gene-expression profiling of pretreatment whole-tissue biopsies have identified prognostic biomarkers that, although not well validated, have been used to stratify risk in some patients. 15 By using NanoString technology (digital expression profiling on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue), a 23-gene outcome predictor was generated by using samples from adults enrolled on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group E2496 trial.…”

Section: Hlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent and young adult lymphoma: collaborative efforts toward optimizing care and improving outcomes

et al. 2017

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Lymphomas are responsible for approximately 20% to 25% of annual cancer diagnoses in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population. In 2006, the National Cancer Institute and the Lance Armstrong Foundation developed a joint Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Progress Review Group (AYAO-PRG) to formally address the unique cancer burden of patients age 15 to 39 years. As part of their recommendations, the AYAO-PRG identified 5 imperatives for improving outcomes of AYAs with cancer. Broadly, the recommended areas of focus included research, awareness and education, investigational infrastructure, care delivery, and advocacy. In response to the challenges highlighted by the AYAO-PRG, the Lymphoma Research Foundation held the first AYA Lymphoma Research Foundation Symposium on 2 October 2015. At this symposium, clinicians and basic scientists from both pediatric and adult disciplines gave presentations describing the state of the science and proposed a collaborative research agenda built on the imperatives proposed by the AYAO-PRG. The following review presents an in-depth discussion of lymphoma management across pediatric and adult oncologic disciplines, focusing on Hodgkin lymphoma, mature B-cell lymphomas, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

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“…The abundance of IgG4+ plasma cells in NSHL and IgG4‐RD suggests that the immunological microenvironment in both diseases may be similar. The exact mechanism in NSHL allowing HRS cells to escape the patient's own immune system remains unknown . Production of cytokines, such as IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13, have been implicated to cause attraction of plasma cells and eosinophils and TGF‐β and IL‐10 may contribute to fibrosis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased IgG4‐positive plasma cells in nodular‐sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma: a diagnostic pitfall

et al. 2019

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Aims Despite increasing interest in the recently established immunoglobulin 4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD), its pathogenesis and aetiology remain largely unclear. Characteristic histopathological features are one of the key elements of diagnosis, including ‘storiform’ fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, increased lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and increased levels of IgG4 in serum and tissue. Histopathological features of IgG4‐RD are striking but not specific, and can pose a pitfall for surgical pathologists. This paper aims to determine the actual amount of IgG4+ plasma cells in nodular‐sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma (NSHL) and its potential to be misdiagnosed in routine clinical practice. Methods and results IgG4+ plasma cells per high‐power field (HPF) and the ratio of IgG4+ versus IgG+ plasma cells (IgG4/IgG ratio) in lymph node biopsies of 24 patients with nodular‐sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma (NSHL) were determined using immunohistochemistry and consensus scoring criteria as used for IgG4‐RD. Ten lymph node biopsies with reactive follicular hyperplasia were assessed for comparison. Higher numbers of IgG4+ plasma cells (P < 0.001) were observed in NSHL versus follicular hyperplasia (mean 34 versus 8 per HPF) with a mean IgG4/IgG ratio of 0.38 versus 0.18. Five cases (21%) fulfilled the consensus criteria of IgG4‐RD, with >50 IgG4+ plasma cells per HPF and an IgG4/IgG ratio of >0.4. The mean count of IgG4+ plasma cells per HPF in NSHL varied greatly (3–88) with increased numbers of IgG4+ plasma cells seen near areas of fibrosclerosis. Conclusions Significantly higher levels of IgG4+ plasma cells are common in NSHL, emphasising the need to exclude Reed–Sternberg cells by morphology and immunohistochemistry in biopsies where IgG4‐RD is suspected.

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The immune microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphoma: T cells, B cells, and immune checkpoints

Abstract: Leaders in Hematology review seriesdriven by a combination of selective recruitment as well as intratumoral functional reprogramming. 16 RS cells produce a variety of Th2 and Treg-selective chemoattractants, including CCL17/TARC,

Cited by 96 publications

References 127 publications

Soluble PD‐1 and PD‐L1 as potential biomarkers for classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Soluble PD‐1 and PD‐L1 as potential biomarkers for classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Adolescent and young adult lymphoma: collaborative efforts toward optimizing care and improving outcomes

Increased IgG4‐positive plasma cells in nodular‐sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma: a diagnostic pitfall

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