The Immigrant Health Differential in the Context of Racial and Ethnic Disparities: The Case of Diabetes

Engelman, Michal; Ye, Leafia Zi

doi:10.1108/s1057-629020190000019008

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…While all U.S.-born participants reported higher uptake rates than foreign-born participants, there was no foreign-born disadvantage observed among non-Hispanic Blacks. This is similar to previous studies that commonly found a foreign-born advantage for Black adults in terms of the prevalence of diabetes [ 21 ] and disability [ 22 ]. Their higher level of English proficiency than other foreign-born racial/ethnic groups [ 23 ] and higher educational attainment levels and household income than U.S.-born Blacks [ 23 ] might have contributed to the foreign-born advantage in relation to flu vaccination among Blacks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Factors Associated with Influenza Vaccination Uptake among U.S. Adults: Focus on Nativity and Race/Ethnicity

Jang

Kang

2021

IJERPH

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To support implementation strategies for upcoming influenza (flu) vaccinations for foreign-born and racial/ethnic minority groups, we analyzed the 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) database and performed logistic regression to examine the factors associated with, and the interaction between nativity and race/ethnicity in directing flu vaccination rates during the past 12 months (n = 25,045). As a result, we found nativity and race/ethnicity were associated with flu vaccination rates; foreign-born and non-Hispanic black respondents were less likely to take the vaccine than U.S.-born and non-Hispanic white respondents. The odds ratios were largest for the elderly, those working in the healthcare industry, those with health insurance, and those with a usual source of care (ORs = 3.058, 2.871, 2.317, and 2.342, respectively), suggesting that access to healthcare resources is critical for the uptake of the flu vaccine. There was a significant interaction effect between nativity and race/ethnicity. For improving flu vaccination rates, more support is necessary for foreign-born people and racial/ethnic minorities who have lower health insurance rates and usual sources of care than U.S.-born people and non-Hispanic whites, and thus are less able to adequately access healthcare resources in a timely manner.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Factors Associated with Influenza Vaccination Uptake among U.S. Adults: Focus on Nativity and Race/Ethnicity

Jang

Kang

2021

IJERPH

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“…Reflecting the disproportionate impacts of T2D among the overall US Latinx population discussed above, Latinx immigrants are also at disproportionate risk, and T2D has been rated as the most significant health-related threat for Latinx immigrants [12]. While some Latinx immigrants arrive with better health than their USA-based counterparts, the advantage decreases in relation to the amount of time they live in the USA [13]. One study of healthcare utilization among Latinx immigrants with T2D found that undocumented immigrants experienced notably poorer T2D outcomes than immigrants with documentation [14].…”

Section: Diabetes Health Disparities Among Latinx Immigrantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In New Mexico, the second poorest state [46], nearly 50% of the population is Latinx (49.3%) [47], and Latinx poverty is 21.3%. 12 There are approximately 60,000 undocumented Latinx immigrants in New Mexico, 13 and immigrants are known to experience poverty at an even higher rate. Given that individuals in New Mexico living in poverty are three times more likely to have diabetes than those making over $50,000 a year [48], the diabetes risk for low-income, undocumented Latinx immigrants is disproportionately high and is recognized as a significant health threat in the immigrant community.…”

Section: A Case Study From New Mexicomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policy Implications of Structural Violence and Syndemic Dynamics: A Lens for Addressing Latinx Immigrant Diabetes Health Disparities

2022

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Purpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to explore using theoretical frameworks of structural violence and syndemics to understand Latinx health disparities with a focus on type 2 diabetes (T2D). We propose that combining these frameworks is a valuable approach for revealing complex root-cause dynamics and explaining the nuances of how and why health disparities exist. We discuss the importance of the relationship between T2D, fear, and stigma. Recent Findings Immigration policy creates structural conditions that invite unauthorized immigration while simultaneously excluding undocumented immigrants from access to healthcare resources. Structural exclusion then breeds fear of immigration status disclosure and deportation and, in the highly politicized immigration context that has emerged over the past two decades, also assigns social sigma to immigration status. Undocumented immigrants lack access to healthcare and health insurance; they cannot afford state-of-the-art drugs, they tend to be socially isolated and lack social capital to navigate systems; they are financially limited by poverty and lack of resources, emotionally taxed by the experience of discrimination, humiliation, and language-related challenges; and they have a toxic immigration stress load in the form of multidimensional fear. Potential areas for policy change are identified. Summary Type 2 diabetes (T2D) follows racial, ethnic, and class fault lines that reflect unequal social and structural dynamics. Latinx immigrants are at disproportionate risk and explaining immigrant T2D social geography requires a holistic lens.

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“…as diabetes and heart disease, also vary by REN and can have a substantial impact on the risk of developing FL [44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of physical functioning among older adults in the US by race, ethnicity and nativity: Examining the role of working conditions

et al. 2021

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Latinos in the US live significantly longer than non-Latino whites, but spend more years disabled. Differentials in socioeconomic status account for part, but not all, of the difference in older age disability between Latinos and whites. We hypothesize that a factor often ignored in the literature—the fact that Latinos, on average, have more physically strenuous jobs than non-Latino whites—contributes to the higher Latino risk of functional limitations at older ages. We use longitudinal data from the 1998–2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) comprising 17,297 respondents. Compared to US-born whites, Latinos, especially Latino immigrants, report substantially higher levels of physical effort at work. Latino-black differences are much smaller than Latino-white differences. As hypothesized, physical work effort is strongly related to functional limitations. However, differentials in physical work effort for Latinos and whites in their fifties and early sixties are weakly related to Latino-white differentials in FL at later ages.

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The Immigrant Health Differential in the Context of Racial and Ethnic Disparities: The Case of Diabetes

Cited by 19 publications

References 73 publications

Factors Associated with Influenza Vaccination Uptake among U.S. Adults: Focus on Nativity and Race/Ethnicity

Factors Associated with Influenza Vaccination Uptake among U.S. Adults: Focus on Nativity and Race/Ethnicity

Policy Implications of Structural Violence and Syndemic Dynamics: A Lens for Addressing Latinx Immigrant Diabetes Health Disparities

Trajectories of physical functioning among older adults in the US by race, ethnicity and nativity: Examining the role of working conditions

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