The immediate and prolonged effects of climate extremes on soil respiration in a mesic grassland

Hoover, David L.; Knapp, Alan K.; Smith, Melinda D.

doi:10.1002/2015jg003256

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, the relative role of heat vs. drought can vary. For instance, in a mesic C4 grassland, soil drought was dominant and additional heat effects only had relatively small effects [53], while in the absence of soil drought, extreme heat directly reduced photosynthesis. Current research focuses on the question how respiration components such as autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration are affected [54,55].…”

Section: Physiological and Phenological Processes Through Which Heat mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought, Heat, and the Carbon Cycle: a Review

Sippel

Reichstein

et al. 2018

Curr Clim Change Rep

159

115

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Purpose of the Review Weather and climate extremes substantially affect global-and regional-scale carbon (C) cycling, and thus spatially or temporally extended climatic extreme events jeopardize terrestrial ecosystem carbon sequestration. We illustrate the relevance of drought and/or heat events (BDHE^) for the carbon cycle and highlight underlying concepts and complex impact mechanisms. We review recent results, discuss current research needs and emerging research topics. Recent Findings Our review covers topics critical to understanding, attributing and predicting the effects of DHE on the terrestrial carbon cycle: (1) ecophysiological impact mechanisms and mediating factors, (2) the role of timing, duration and dynamical effects through which DHE impacts on regional-scale carbon cycling are either attenuated or enhanced, and (3) large-scale atmospheric conditions under which DHE are likely to unfold and to affect the terrestrial carbon cycle. Recent research thus shows the need to view these events in a broader spatial and temporal perspective that extends assessments beyond local and concurrent C cycle impacts of DHE. Summary Novel data streams, model (ensemble) simulations, and analyses allow to better understand carbon cycle impacts not only in response to their proximate drivers (drought, heat, etc.) but also attributing them to underlying changes in drivers and large-scale atmospheric conditions. These attribution-type analyses increasingly address and disentangle various sequences or dynamical interactions of events and their impacts, including compensating or amplifying effects on terrestrial carbon cycling.

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Section: Physiological and Phenological Processes Through Which Heat mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought, Heat, and the Carbon Cycle: a Review

Sippel

Reichstein

et al. 2018

Curr Clim Change Rep

159

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Meanwhile, it is expected that climate warming may directly accelerate soil respiration by stimulating the activities of soil fauna, microbes, and plant roots, and may indirectly accelerate soil respiration by stimulating N mineralization, litter production, and substrate [93,94]. Warming and prolonged droughts may strongly alter SOM decomposition, but also the quantity and quality of litter input [95,96].…”

Section: Global Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought and Carbon Cycling of Grassland Ecosystems under Global Change: A Review

Lei

Pang

Xing-yong

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:In recent years, the increased intensity and duration of droughts have dramatically altered the structure and function of grassland ecosystems, which have been forced to adapt to this change in climate. Combinations of global change drivers such as elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration, warming, nitrogen (N) deposition, grazing, and land-use change have influenced the impact that droughts have on grassland C cycling. This influence, to some extent, can modify the relationship between droughts and grassland carbon (C) cycling in the multi-factor world. Unfortunately, prior reviews have been primarily anecdotal from the 1930s to the 2010s. We investigated the current state of the study on the interactive impacts of multiple factors under drought scenarios in grassland C cycling and provided scientific advice for dealing with droughts and managing grassland C cycling in a multi-factor world. Currently, adequate information is not available on the interaction between droughts and global change drivers, which would advance our understanding of grassland C cycling responses. It was determined that future experiments and models should specifically test how droughts regulate grassland C cycling under global changes. Previous multi-factor experiments of current and future global change conditions have studied various drought scenarios poorly, including changes in precipitation frequency and amplitude, timing, and interactions with other global change drivers. Multi-factor experiments have contributed to quantifying these potential changes and have provided important information on how water affects ecosystem processes under global change. There is an urgent need to establish a systematic framework that can assess ecosystem dynamic responses to droughts under current and future global change and human activity, with a focus on the combined effects of droughts, global change drivers, and the corresponding hierarchical responses of an ecosystem.

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“…The predicted large changes in precipitation brought on by climate change include periods of increased water limitation followed by larger magnitude rain events for many parts of the world [1]. Changes in the total amount of precipitation constrain ecosystem functioning, and their effects have been documented in many water input reduction experiments (e.g., [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]). However, climate change is predicted to affect not only the amount but also the temporal distribution of rain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth matters: effects of precipitation regime on soil microbial activity upon rewetting of a plant-soil system

Engelhardt¹,

Welty²,

Blazewicz³

et al. 2018

The ISME Journal

103

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Changes in frequency and amplitude of rain events, that is, precipitation patterns, result in different water conditions with soil depth, and likely affect plant growth and shape plant and soil microbial activity. Here, we used O stable isotope probing (SIP) to investigate bacterial and fungal communities that actively grew or not upon rewetting, at three different depths in soil mesocosms previously subjected to frequent or infrequent watering for 12 weeks (equal total water input). Phylogenetic marker genes for bacteria and fungi were sequenced after rewetting, and plant-soil microbial coupling documented by plantC-CO labeling. Soil depth, rather than precipitation pattern, was most influential in shaping microbial response to rewetting, and had differential effects on active and inactive bacterial and fungal communities. After rewetting, active bacterial communities were less rich, more even and phylogenetically related than the inactive, and reactivated throughout the soil profile. Active fungal communities after rewetting were less abundant and rich than the inactive. The coupling between plants and soil microbes decreased under infrequent watering in the top soil layer. We suggest that differences in fungal and bacterial abundance and relative activity could result in large effects on subsequent soil biogeochemical cycling.

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The immediate and prolonged effects of climate extremes on soil respiration in a mesic grassland

Cited by 45 publications

References 50 publications

Drought, Heat, and the Carbon Cycle: a Review

Drought, Heat, and the Carbon Cycle: a Review

Drought and Carbon Cycling of Grassland Ecosystems under Global Change: A Review

Depth matters: effects of precipitation regime on soil microbial activity upon rewetting of a plant-soil system

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