The Immature Intestine: Implications for Nutrition of the Neonate

Grand, Richard; Sutphen, James L.; Montgomery, Robert K.

doi:10.1002/9780470720530.ch17

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…There was also no genotype difference in the level of sulfate conjugates. Among all studies, young mice (Table 2) had a lower proportion of bile acids in the form of sulfate conjugates than did adult mice (Table 3–4), which is consistent with the known postnatal maturation of intestinal function [63]. Overall, we observed a significant negative correlation between the percentage of fecal taurine conjugate and that of fecal sulfate conjugate (r = −0.39, p<0.05) (Tables 2, 3, 4).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

The Effect of Dietary Prebiotics and Probiotics on Body Weight, Large Intestine Indices, and Fecal Bile Acid Profile in Wild Type and IL10−/− Mice

2013

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Previous studies have suggested roles of probiotics and prebiotics on body weight management and intestinal function. Here, the effects of a dietary prebiotic, inulin (50 mg/g diet), and probiotic, Bfidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bb12) (final dose verified at 105 colony forming unit (cfu)/g diet, comparable to human consumption), were determined separately and in combination in mice using cellulose-based AIN-93G diets under conditions allowed for the growth of commensal bacteria. Continuous consumption of Bb12 and/or inulin did not affect food intake or body, liver, and spleen weights of young and adult mice. Fecal bile acid profiles were determined by nanoESI-MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry. In the presence of inulin, more bacterial deconjugation of taurine from primary bile acids was observed along with an increased cecal weight. Consumption of inulin in the absence or presence of Bb12 also increased the villus cell height in the proximal colon along with a trend of higher bile acid sulfation by intestinal cells. Feeding Bb12 alone at the physiological dose did not affect bile acid deconjugation and had little effect on other intestinal indices. Although interleukin (IL)10-null mice are susceptible to enterocolitis, they maintained the same body weight as the wild type mice under our specific pathogen-free housing condition and showed no signs of inflammation. Nevertheless, they had smaller cecum suggesting a mildly compromised intestinal development even before the disease manifestation. Our results are consistent with the notion that dietary factors such as prebiotics play important roles in the growth of intestinal microbiota and may impact on the intestinal health. In addition, fecal bile acid profiling could potentially be a non-invasive tool in monitoring the intestinal environment.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

The Effect of Dietary Prebiotics and Probiotics on Body Weight, Large Intestine Indices, and Fecal Bile Acid Profile in Wild Type and IL10−/− Mice

2013

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“…The identification of the biologically active factors in milk should help improve our understanding and management of optimal nutrition strategies for childhood development. The enteral nutrition of intestinally immature neonates relies on breast milk because of unique properties and composition of milk 7 . Nutrition in early childhood has been implicated in the long-term tendencies towards obesity and metabolic syndrome, and epidemiological data indicate that breastfeeding protects against such metabolic alterations in later life 3 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibroblast growth factor 21 in breast milk controls neonatal intestine function

Gavaldà‐Navarro

Hondares

Giralt

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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FGF21 is a hormonal factor with important functions in the control of metabolism. FGF21 is found in rodent and human milk. Radiolabeled FGF21 administered to lactating dams accumulates in milk and is transferred to neonatal gut. The small intestine of neonatal (but not adult) mice highly expresses β-Klotho in the luminal area. FGF21-KO pups fed by FGF21-KO dams showed decreased expression and circulating levels of incretins (GIP and GLP-1), reduced gene expression of intestinal lactase and maltase-glucoamylase, and low levels of galactose in plasma, all associated with a mild decrease in body weight. When FGF21-KO pups were nursed by wild-type dams (expressing FGF21 in milk), intestinal peptides and digestive enzymes were up-regulated, lactase enzymatic activity was induced, and galactose levels and body weight were normalized. Neonatal intestine explants were sensitive to FGF21, as evidenced by enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Oral infusion of FGF21 into neonatal pups induced expression of intestinal hormone factors and digestive enzymes, lactase activity and lactose absorption. These findings reveal a novel role of FGF21 as a hormonal factor contributing to neonatal intestinal function via its presence in maternal milk. Appropriate signaling of FGF21 to neonate is necessary to ensure optimal digestive and endocrine function in developing intestine.

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“…Insulin, as an anabolic hormone, modulates blood glucose levels and protects against hypo- and hyperglycemic states. Infants born very prematurely have functionally and structurally immature gastrointestinal tracts [ 6 ]. Enteral insulin has local effects, including increasing intestinal maturation and ameliorating microbiome diversity [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin, Testosterone, and Albumin in Term and Preterm Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula

et al. 2023

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Background: Infants have three options for feeding: their own mother’s breast milk, donor milk, or infant formula. Insulin, testosterone, total protein, and albumin levels were measured in breast milk samples from the first 6 months of lactation, in donor milk samples, and in different infant formulas. Methods: Mothers who gave birth to term (n = 19) or preterm (n = 19) infants were recruited to collect breast milk samples during the first 6 months of lactation. The Breast Milk Collection Center (Unified Health Institution, Pécs, Hungary) provided 96 donor milk (DM) samples for analysis in our study. Insulin, testosterone, total protein, and albumin levels were measured in breast milk, donor milk, and infant formulas. Results: During the first 2 months of lactation, the concentration of insulin was lower (−27.4%) while the testosterone concentration was higher (+20.8%) compared to the period between the 3rd and 6th months only in the preterm breast milk samples. The infant formulas examined did not contain insulin or testosterone. Holder pasteurization (HoP) did not influence the level of testosterone in human milk, although HoP decreased the insulin (−53.6%) and albumin (−38.6%) concentrations. Conclusions: Diet impacts the hormone intake of infants, underlining the importance of breastfeeding and the possible supplementation of formula-fed infants.

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The Immature Intestine: Implications for Nutrition of the Neonate

Cited by 5 publications

References 78 publications

The Effect of Dietary Prebiotics and Probiotics on Body Weight, Large Intestine Indices, and Fecal Bile Acid Profile in Wild Type and IL10−/− Mice

The Effect of Dietary Prebiotics and Probiotics on Body Weight, Large Intestine Indices, and Fecal Bile Acid Profile in Wild Type and IL10−/− Mice

Fibroblast growth factor 21 in breast milk controls neonatal intestine function

Insulin, Testosterone, and Albumin in Term and Preterm Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula

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