The imaginal ecdysis of the desert locust, <i>Schistocerca gregaria.</i>

Hughes, T. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00221.x

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the motor programs ensured that the insect moved anteriorly through the ecdysial split, with anterior legs initially tucked into the old cuticle, as has been noted in the other hemimetabolous insects (Carlson, 1977a; Hughes 1980a). The lack of obvious stereotyped behaviors may have been due to interspersed random movements in response to proprioceptive feedback, or may have just been difficult to identify visually.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Truman, 1972; Bainbridge and Bownes, 1981; Novicki and Weeks, 1993; Gammie and Truman, 1999; Baker et al, 1999; Zitnan and Adams, 2000; Zitnan et al, 2002; Park et al, 2002; Clark et al, 2004; Kim et al, 2006a, b; Dai and Adams, 2009; Roller et al, 2010; reviewed by Zitnan and Adams, 2012) along with a number of hemimetabolous insects (eg. Bernays, 1972; Carlson, 1977a & b; Hughes, 1980a-d; Truman et al, 1996). In C. morosus we have described three phases that produce the required behaviors to ensure successful shedding of the old cuticle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecdysis behaviors and circadian rhythm of ecdysis in the stick insect, Carausius morosus

Wadsworth

Carriman

Gutierrez

et al. 2014

Journal of Insect Physiology

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Successful ecdysis in insects depends on proper timing and sequential activation of an elaborate series of motor programs driven by a relatively conserved network of neuropeptides. The behaviors must be activated at the appropriate times to ensure successful loosening and shedding of the old cuticle, and can be influenced by environmental cues in the form of immediate sensory feedback and by circadian rhythms. We assessed the behaviors, components of the neural network and the circadian basis of ecdysis in the stick insect, Carausius morosus. C. morosus showed many of the characteristic pre-ecdysis and ecdysis behaviors previously described in crickets and locusts. Ecdysis was described in three phases, namely the (i) preparatory or pre-ecdysis phase, (ii) the ecdysial phase, and (iii) the post-ecdysis or exuvial phase. The frequencies of pushups and sways during the preparatory phase were quantified as well as durations of all the phases. The regulation of ecdysis appeared to act via elevation of cGMP, as described in many other insects, although eclosion hormone-like immunoreactivity was not noted using a lepidopteran antiserum. Finally, C. morosus showed a circadian rhythm to the onset of ecdysis, with ecdysis occurring just prior or at lights on. Ecdysis could be induced precociously with mechanical stimulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecdysis behaviors and circadian rhythm of ecdysis in the stick insect, Carausius morosus

Wadsworth

Carriman

Gutierrez

et al. 2014

Journal of Insect Physiology

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“…The ecdysis sequence was also described in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus [4], the locust Schistocerca gregaria [10] and saturniid moths [28], but ETH role in these species has not been examined. Since we identified ETHs in Apis and Tribolium , we wanted to confirm their biological activity in the honeybee and Tenebrio , a beetle species closely related to Tribolium .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecdysis triggering hormone signaling in arthropods

et al. 2010

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Ecdysis triggering hormones (ETH) from peripheral endocrine Inka cells initiate the ecdysis sequence through action on central neurons expressing ETH receptors (ETHR) in model moth and dipteran species. We used various biochemical, molecular and blast search techniques to detect these signaling molecules in representatives of diverse arthropods. Using peptide isolation from tracheal extracts, cDNA cloning or homology search, we identified ETHs in a variety of hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. Most insects produce two related ETHs, but only a single active peptide was isolated from the cricket and one peptide is encoded by eth gene of the honeybee, parasitic wasp and aphid. Immunohistochemical staining with antiserum to Manduca PETH revealed Inka cells on tracheal surface of diverse insects. In spite of conserved ETH sequences, comparison of the natural and ETH-induced ecdysis sequence in the honeybee and beetle revealed considerable species-specific differences in pre-ecdysis and ecdysis behaviors. DNA sequences coding for putative ETHR were deduced from available genomes of several hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. In all examined insects the ethr gene encodes two subtypes of the receptor (ETHR-A and ETHR-B). Phylogenic analysis showed that these receptors fall into a family of closely related GPCRs. Here we report for the first time presence of putative ETHs and ETHRs in genomes of other arthropods, the tick (Arachnida) and water flea (Crustacea). Possible source of ETH in ticks was detected in paired cells located in all pedal segments. Our results provide further evidence of structural and functional conservancy of ETH-ETHR signaling.

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“…2 (a full description of the classification of this behaviour into six stages is given in Hughes, 1980a). The gut inflates during Stage 3 and remains well inflated throughout Stages 4 and 5 .…”

Section: The Course Of Gut Inflation At the Imaginal Ecdysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gut inflates during Stage 3 and remains well inflated throughout Stages 4 and 5 . Deflation occurs during Stage 6 , by which time the new cuticle is sufficiently hard Hughes (1980a). The volume of air collected from feeding fifth-instar animals (i.e.…”

Section: The Course Of Gut Inflation At the Imaginal Ecdysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The imaginal ecdysis of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria.

Hughes

1980

Physiological Entomology

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The success of the imaginal ecdysis of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregma, depends on the inflation of the gut with air. The greater part of gut inflation occurs during Stage 3 of the ecdysis (emergence); by the end of this stage the gut is fully inflated. Deflation occurs during Stage 6 , after the completion of expansion. The air-swallowing motor programme is described, During the first part of Stage 3, the frequency of swallowing is regulated according to the degree of foregut distension. In addition, swallowing within the bouts of emergence behaviour is timed by the metathoracic ganglion. During the second part of Stage 3 these control mechanisms are overriden. The contributions of the inflated gut to emergence and expansion are described.

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The imaginal ecdysis of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria.

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Ecdysis behaviors and circadian rhythm of ecdysis in the stick insect, Carausius morosus

Ecdysis behaviors and circadian rhythm of ecdysis in the stick insect, Carausius morosus

Ecdysis triggering hormone signaling in arthropods

The imaginal ecdysis of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria.

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