The imaginal ecdysis of the desert locust, <i>Schistocerca gregaria.</i>

Hughes, T. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00210.x

Cited by 85 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, studies on insect ecdysis (i.e. moult) found that failure of ecdysis appears to occur because of disruption of muscle contractions that are involved in working the individual forward out of the old cuticle (Hughes, 1980; Ewer et al , 1997; Park et al. , 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parental radiation exposure on developmental instability in grasshoppers

Beasley

Bonisoli‐Alquati

Welch

et al. 2012

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Mutagenic and epigenetic effects of environmental stressors and their transgenerational consequences are of interest to evolutionary biologists because they can amplify natural genetic variation. We studied the effect of parental exposure to radioactive contamination on offspring development in lesser marsh grasshopper Chorthippus albomarginatus. We used a geometric morphometric approach to measure fluctuating asymmetry (FA), wing shape and wing size. We measured time to sexual maturity to check whether parental exposure to radiation influenced offspring developmental trajectory and tested effects of radiation on hatching success and parental fecundity. Wings were larger in early maturing individuals born to parents from high radiation sites compared to early maturing individuals from low radiation sites. As time to sexual maturity increased, wing size decreased but more sharply in individuals from high radiation sites. Radiation exposure did not significantly affect FA or shape in wings nor did it significantly affect hatching success and fecundity. Overall, parental radiation exposure can adversely affect offspring development and fitness depending on developmental trajectories although the cause of this effect remains unclear. We suggest more direct measures of fitness and the inclusion of replication in future studies to help further our understanding of the relationship between developmental instability, fitness and environmental stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parental radiation exposure on developmental instability in grasshoppers

Beasley

Bonisoli‐Alquati

Welch

et al. 2012

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…Molt strategy was recorded as a binary indicator: 0 = normal or 1 = extra molting. We assessed the maximal nymphal weight rather than the weight at adult emergence since the fifth instar nymph/young fledged adult ceases to feed and looses weight 24-48h before/after imaginal molt [ 56 ]. We also studied the probability of survival at each development stadia (nymphal stadia, first adult week).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extra Molting and Selection on Nymphal Growth in the Desert Locust

et al. 2016

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In insects, extra-molting has been viewed as a compensatory mechanism for nymphal growth that contributes to optimize body weight for successful reproduction. However, little is known on the capacity of extra-molting to evolve in natural populations, which limits our understanding of how selection acts on nymphal growth. We used a multi-generational pedigree, individual monitoring and quantitative genetics models to investigate the evolution of extra-molting and its impact on nymphal growth in a solitarious population of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Growth compensation via extra-molting was observed for 46% of the females, whose adult weight exceeded by 4% that of other females, at a cost of a 22% longer development time. We found a null heritability for body weight threshold only, and the highest and a strongly female-biased heritability for extra molting. Our genetic estimates show that (1) directional selection can act on growth rate, development time and extra-molting to optimize body weight threshold, the target of stabilizing selection, (2) extra-molting can evolve in natural populations, and (3) a genetic conflict, due to sexually antagonistic selection on extra-molting, might prevent its fixation. Finally, we discuss how antagonistic selection between solitarious and gregarious environments and/or genetic correlations between growth and phase traits might also impact the evolution of extra-molting in locusts.

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“…Locust foregut movements are responsible for passing food particles from the pharynx to the crop, and also for pumping air to inflate the alimentary canal at early stages of the molt (Hughes, 1980 ; Ayali, 2004 , 2009 ; Zilberstein et al, 2006 ). Although the gut has some intrinsic contractile capabilities (Oldfield and Huddart, 1982 ; Banner et al, 1987 ), foregut movements are under the control of the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS), which is comprised of a small set of peripheral ganglia (Figure 1 ): the frontal ganglion (FG), the hypocerebral ganglion (HG), and the paired ingluvial ganglia (IG; Chapman, 1998 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Octopamine on the Locust Stomatogastric Nervous System

Rand¹,

Knebel²,

Ayali³

2012

Front. Physio.

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Octopamine (OA) is a prominent neuromodulator of invertebrate nervous systems, influencing multiple physiological processes. Among its many roles in insects are the initiation and maintenance of various rhythmic behaviors. Here, the neuromodulatory effects of OA on the components of the locust stomatogastric nervous system were studied, and one putative source of OA modulation of the system was identified. Bath application of OA was found to abolish the endogenous rhythmic output of the fully isolated frontal ganglion (FG), while stimulating motor activity of the fully isolated hypocerebral ganglion (HG). OA also induced rhythmic movements in a foregut preparation with intact HG innervation. Complex dose-dependent effects of OA on interconnected FG-HG preparations were seen: 10−5 M OA accelerated the rhythmic activity of both the HG and FG in a synchronized manner, while 10−4 M OA decreased both rhythms. Intracellular stimulation of an identified octopaminergic dorsal unpaired median neuron in the subesophageal ganglion was found to exert a similar effect on the FG motor output as that of OA application. Our findings suggest a mechanism of regulation of insect gut patterns and feeding-related behavior during stress and times of high energy demand.

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The imaginal ecdysis of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria.

Cited by 85 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of parental radiation exposure on developmental instability in grasshoppers

Effects of parental radiation exposure on developmental instability in grasshoppers

Extra Molting and Selection on Nymphal Growth in the Desert Locust

The Effect of Octopamine on the Locust Stomatogastric Nervous System

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