The image-schematic basis of the EVENT STRUCTURE metaphor

Abstract

Recent arguments by Langacker (2003) on the nature of verb meanings in constructions claim that such meanings are created by entrenchment and frequency of use, and only with repeated use can they become conventionalised and acceptable. Such a position raises the need for a diachronic perspective on Construction Grammar. The present paper investigates the evolution of constructions through the example of the have-causative in English, which appears to have had its origins as a transfer verb in telic argument structure constructions. When the construction contains a transfer verb, construction meaning reinforces verb meaning and periphrastic causatives may grammaticalise as output; this is a gradual development over time. In one way, then, the verb have grammaticalises across a succession of constructions, but in another, the telic argument structure construction itself is seen to have a progressive diachronic development.

Exploring the Metaphorical Models of Transgenderism

“…This specific source domain comes as no surprise since change in general is understood as motion through space. In this metaphor, known as the "event structure metaphor" (Lakoff, 1993, p. 219;Peña Cervel, 2004), states are locations, change is motion, progress is forward movement, and purposes are destinations (i.e., fall in love, come out of depression, reach a goal). In (1), Janet Mock, a transgender rights advocate, explains the conceptual origin of certain labels used in the trans community:…”

Translating the event-structure concepts from Saudi Arabic into English: A cognitive linguistic approach

“…With regard to the first focus, it was Lakoff & Johnson (1999) that have systematized work on ESCs, and gave prominence to them as a serious research endeavor in cognitive linguistics. Peña Cervel (2004) was one of the few to have pointed out that ESCs have an image-schematic basis such as the image schema of SPACE/OBJECT with states and changes, FORCE with causes, SOURCE-PATH-GOAL with purposes, etc. The ESCs have been documented for English (Lakoff & Turner, 1989;Gibbs, 1994;Lakoff & Johnson, 1999), Hungarian (Kӧvecses, 2005), and Chinese (Yu, 1998).…”

“…Likewise, research on metaphor translating has been growing steadily in light of the cognitive insights offered by Mandelblit (1995), Schaffner (2004), Maalej (2008), Shuttleworth (2014), Alghbban & Maalej (2023). Even though the ESCs are metaphor-based (Lakoff and Turner, 1989;Gibbs, 1994;Yu, 1998;Lakoff and Johnson, 1999;Peña Cervel, 2004;Kӧvecses, 2005;Aldokhayel, 2009), there is scant research on the translation of the ESCs. A google search for the issue only yielded Roush (2018), who addressed the translation of ESCs between English and American Sign Language.…”

Several Reasons behind Using Metaphor: A Cognitive Perspective on Metaphoric Language

“…When the comprehender reconstructs the image in her/ his mind, s/he can obtain a better understanding of the overall relationship existing among components and, consequently, the whole of that phenomenon. According to Peña Cervel (2004), image schemas are shared by people and cultures all over the world; therefore, any conceptual system based on them must be endowed with some kind of universal character. Johnson (1987 p. 126) provided a list of image schemas through which many events are understood metaphorically.…”