The Image and Appearance of the Human Body

Schilder, Paul

doi:10.4324/9781315010410

Cited by 423 publications

(180 citation statements)

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“…A vestibular contribution to self-location seems of relevance here because the sensations of elevation and floating reported by the participants of Ionta et al's study are close to vestibular illusions reported by patients with damage to the otolithic vestibular system and the central vestibular structures (Schilder, 1935). Several regions of the TPJ located around the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure, such as the angular, supramarginal and superior temporal gyrus, and the regions located in the depth of the Sylvian fissure, such as the parietal operculum, insula and the retroinsular cortex, are strongly involved in vestibular processing (Chen, DeAngelis, & Angelaki, 2010;Grüsser, Pause, & Schreiter, 1990;Lopez, Blanke, & Mast, 2012).…”

Section: Neural Bases Of Whole-body Ownership and Self-locationsupporting

confidence: 55%

Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness

Serino

Alsmith

Costantini

et al. 2013

Consciousness and Cognition

210

170

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a b s t r a c tRecent research on bodily self-consciousness has assumed that it consists of three distinct components: the experience of owning a body (body ownership); the experience of being a body with a given location within the environment (self-location); and the experience of taking a first-person, body-centered, perspective on that environment (perspective). Here we review recent neuroimaging studies suggesting that at least two of these components-body ownership and self-location-are implemented in rather distinct neural substrates, located, respectively, in the premotor cortex and in the temporo-parietal junction. We examine these results and consider them in relation to clinical evidence from patients with altered body perception and work on a variety of multisensory, body-related illusions, such as the rubber hand illusion, the full body illusion, the body swap illusion and the enfacement illusion. We conclude by providing a preliminary synthesis of the data on bodily self-consciousness and its neural correlates.

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Section: Neural Bases Of Whole-body Ownership and Self-locationsupporting

confidence: 55%

Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness

Serino

Alsmith

Costantini

et al. 2013

Consciousness and Cognition

210

170

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“…Second, a profound admiration for amputees up to a sexual attraction towards incomplete bodies has been described in some individuals with xenomelia (De Preester, 2013;First, 2005) and third, affected persons frequently pretend in private or public to be amputees. The perception of one's own and another person's body are intimately linked (Schilder, 1935), and sensorimotor processes are influenced by observation and imitation of others (de Guzman et al, 2016;Tsakiris, 2016). Such shared neural mechanisms are modulated by interpersonal relations (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When less is more – Implicit preference for incomplete bodies in xenomelia

Macauda

Bekrater-Bodmann

Brugger

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Individuals with xenomelia identify with an amputated rather than with their physically complete, healthy body. They often mimic amputees and show a strong admiration of and sexual attraction towards them. Here we investigated for the first time empirically whether such unusual preference for amputated bodies is present also on an implicit level. Using the well-validated Implicit Association Test we show that individuals with xenomelia manifested a stronger implicit and explicit preference for amputated bodies than a normally-limbed control group and a group of involuntary amputees did. Interestingly, the two latter groups did not differ in their implicit and explicit preference for complete versus amputated bodies. These findings are an important step in understanding how deeply rooted attitudes about a socially normative body appearance may be influenced by a developmentally disordered experience of one's own bodily self. We conclude that this is the first behavioral evidence demonstrating a conflict of self-identification on an implicit level and this enriches current understandings of xenomelia as a primarily neurological disorder. AbstractIndividuals with xenomelia identify with an amputated rather than with their physically complete, healthy body. They often mimic amputees and show a strong admiration of and sexual attraction towards them. Here we investigated for the first time empirically whether such unusual preference for amputated bodies is present also on an implicit level. Using the wellvalidated Implicit Association Test we show that individuals with xenomelia manifested a stronger implicit and explicit preference for amputated bodies stronger than a normally-limbed control group and a group of involuntary amputees did. Interestingly, the two latter groups did not differ in their implicit and explicit preference for complete versus amputated bodies. These findings are an important step in understanding how deeply rooted attitudes about a socially normative body appearance may be influenced by a developmentally disordered experience of one's own bodily self. We conclude that this first behavioral evidence to demonstrate a conflict of self-identification on an implicit level and this enriches current understandings of xenomelia as a primarily neurological disorder.

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“…Moreover, the relationship between Pinhan, Durri Baba and the character which stands as the embodiment of love, Yorgaki, not only suggests a bond not so different than the holy trinity, but also reveals an interaction that is not interfered by neither time, nor spatial form. Paul Schilder declares in -The Sociology of the Body-Image‖ that -identification takes place with persons whom we admire and with whom we are in love [...] the fact that identification is in the unconscious makes it possible to identify oneself with several persons at the same time‖ [10] which explains Pinhan's love for both Durri Baba and Yorgaki. Nevertheless, -Freud rightly emphasizes that every identification is in the end ambivalent‖ [10] and Pinhan's initial hesitance in her/his emotions towards this split love, a reflection of her/his own -double-headed‖, -double-hearted‖ identity, only forges into one at the end of the novel when s/he wakes up as a woman, being able to embrace both -hearts‖ and creating a single identity that holds her/him together.…”

Section: Orlando Pinhan and Temporal Transgressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bodies (Re) Gained: Gender and Identity in Elif Shafak’s Pinhan and Virginia Woolf’s Orlando

Tuğlu¹

2016

IJLLL

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Abstract-The definition of gender has been a source of great controversy. As Michel Foucault argues in The History of Sexuality, since the seventeenth century the Western outlook upon sexuality is rather in the form of suppression due to certain ideological manipulations through the rise of capitalism. This understanding of sexuality was directly connected to one's biological condition which determined whether the individual was a man or a woman, never leaving place for the in between. With this perspective, the repressed society founded upon the sacred bonds of marriage and the institution of family cut out roles for both men and women which defined their gender roles. These roles were mere performances, as Judith butler would argue later on, however, they had great impact upon the formation of identities for a long time. I argue in alliance with critics such as Stuart Hall that the conception of identity does not have an ultimate ending since it constantly transforms, shifts and takes up new meanings along the way. I further assert that gender, as a vital part of identity formation, carries the same essence, however, it cannot be restricted neither to biological nor temporal nor spatial limits. In order to demonstrate the transformative and transgressive stance of gender and identity, I intend to explore how the novels Pinhan (The Mystic) by Elif Shafak and Orlando: A Biography by Virginia Woolf cross the thresholds of time and space. The two androgynous protagonists of the novels express the uniqueness of identity formation in terms of gender in spite of the differing repressive societies they live in. Even though both novels were written by authors from different eras and different cultural backgrounds, they take upon a similar approach to the issue of gender in their own unique ways.

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The Image and Appearance of the Human Body

Cited by 423 publications

References 0 publications

Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness

Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness

When less is more – Implicit preference for incomplete bodies in xenomelia

Bodies (Re) Gained: Gender and Identity in Elif Shafak’s Pinhan and Virginia Woolf’s Orlando

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